SQL Server：使用 sql 查询获取表主键

SQL Server: Get table primary key using sql query

提问by Awan

I want to get a particular table's primary key using SQL query for SQL Serverdatabase.

我想使用SQL Server数据库的SQL 查询获取特定表的主键。

In MySQLI am using following query to get table primary key:

在MySQL 中，我使用以下查询来获取表主键：

SHOW KEYS FROM tablename WHERE Key_name = 'PRIMARY'

What is equivalent of above query for SQL Server?.

什么相当于SQL Server的上述查询？。

If There is a query that will work for both MySQLand SQL Serverthen It will be an ideal case.

如果有一个查询同时适用于MySQL和SQL Server，那么这将是一个理想的情况。

采纳答案by Awan

Found another one:

又找到了一个：

SELECT KU.table_name as TABLENAME,column_name as PRIMARYKEYCOLUMN
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS TC
INNER JOIN
    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS KU
          ON TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND
             TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME = KU.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND 
             KU.table_name='yourTableName'
ORDER BY KU.TABLE_NAME, KU.ORDINAL_POSITION;

I have tested this on SQL Server 2003/2005

我已经在 SQL Server 2003/2005 上测试过了

回答by Awan

I also found another one for SQL Server:

我还为 SQL Server 找到了另一个：

SELECT COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA + '.' + QUOTENAME(CONSTRAINT_NAME)), 'IsPrimaryKey') = 1
AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'Schema'

回答by Adriaan Stander

Using SQL SERVER 2005, you can try

使用SQL SERVER 2005，你可以试试

SELECT  i.name AS IndexName,
        OBJECT_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID) AS TableName,
        COL_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID,ic.column_id) AS ColumnName
FROM    sys.indexes AS i INNER JOIN 
        sys.index_columns AS ic ON  i.OBJECT_ID = ic.OBJECT_ID
                                AND i.index_id = ic.index_id
WHERE   i.is_primary_key = 1

Found at SQL SERVER – 2005 – Find Tables With Primary Key Constraint in Database

发现于SQL SERVER – 2005 – Find Tables With Primary Key Constraint in Database

回答by Jagmag

From memory, it's either this

从记忆中，要么是这样

SELECT * FROM sys.objects
WHERE type = 'PK' 
AND  object_id = OBJECT_ID ('tableName')

or this..

或这个..

SELECT * FROM sys.objects
WHERE type = 'PK' 
AND  parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ('tableName')

I think one of them should probably work depending on how the data is stored but I am afraid I have no access to SQL to actually verify the same.

我认为其中之一应该可以根据数据的存储方式工作，但恐怕我无法访问 SQL 来实际验证相同的内容。

回答by Waqas Ahmed

SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM {DATABASENAME}.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE '{TABLENAME}' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME LIKE 'PK%'

WHERE
{DATABASENAME} = your database from your server AND
{TABLENAME} = your table name from which you want to see the primary key.

NOTE : enter your database name and table name without brackets.

WHERE
{DATABASENAME} = 您服务器中的数据库 AND
{TABLENAME} = 您希望从中查看主键的表名。

注意：输入不带括号的数据库名称和表名称。

回答by Harendra

select * 
from sysobjects 
where xtype='pk' and 
   parent_obj in (select id from sysobjects where name='tablename')

this will work in sql 2005

这将在 sql 2005 中工作

回答by David Conde

The code I'll give you works and retrieves not only keys, but a lot of data from a table in SQL Server. Is tested in SQL Server 2k5/2k8, dunno about 2k. Enjoy!

我将提供给您的代码不仅可以检索键，还可以从 SQL Server 中的表中检索大量数据。在 SQL Server 2k5/2k8 中测试，不知道 2k。享受！

SELECT DISTINCT
    sys.tables.object_id AS TableId,
    sys.columns.column_id AS ColumnId,
    sys.columns.name AS ColumnName,
    sys.types.name AS TypeName,
    sys.columns.precision AS NumericPrecision,
    sys.columns.scale AS NumericScale,
    sys.columns.is_nullable AS IsNullable,
    (   SELECT 
            COUNT(column_name)
        FROM 
            INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE 
        WHERE
            TABLE_NAME = sys.tables.name AND
            CONSTRAINT_NAME =
                (   SELECT
                    constraint_name
                    FROM 
                        INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
                    WHERE
                        TABLE_NAME = sys.tables.name AND                    
                        constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND
                        COLUMN_NAME = sys.columns.name
                )
    ) AS IsPrimaryKey,
    sys.columns.max_length / 2 AS CharMaxLength /*BUG*/
FROM 
    sys.columns, sys.types, sys.tables 
WHERE
    sys.tables.object_id = sys.columns.object_id AND
    sys.types.system_type_id = sys.columns.system_type_id AND
    sys.types.user_type_id = sys.columns.user_type_id AND
    sys.tables.name = 'TABLE'
ORDER BY 
    IsPrimaryKey

You can use only the primary key part, but I think that the rest might become handy. Best regards, David

您只能使用主键部分，但我认为其余部分可能会变得方便。最好的问候，大卫

回答by dekdev

This should list all the constraints and at the end you can put your filters

这应该列出所有约束，最后您可以放置​​过滤器

/* CAST IS DONE , SO THAT OUTPUT INTEXT FILE REMAINS WITH SCREEN LIMIT*/
WITH   ALL_KEYS_IN_TABLE (CONSTRAINT_NAME,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,PARENT_TABLE_NAME,PARENT_COL_NAME,PARENT_COL_NAME_DATA_TYPE,REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME,REFERENCE_COL_NAME) 
AS
(
SELECT  CONSTRAINT_NAME= CAST (PKnUKEY.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        CONSTRAINT_TYPE=CAST (PKnUKEY.type_desc AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        PARENT_TABLE_NAME=CAST (PKnUTable.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        PARENT_COL_NAME=CAST ( PKnUKEYCol.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        PARENT_COL_NAME_DATA_TYPE=  oParentColDtl.DATA_TYPE,        
        REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME='' ,
        REFERENCE_COL_NAME='' 

FROM sys.key_constraints as PKnUKEY
    INNER JOIN sys.tables as PKnUTable
            ON PKnUTable.object_id = PKnUKEY.parent_object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.index_columns as PKnUColIdx
            ON PKnUColIdx.object_id = PKnUTable.object_id
            AND PKnUColIdx.index_id = PKnUKEY.unique_index_id
    INNER JOIN sys.columns as PKnUKEYCol
            ON PKnUKEYCol.object_id = PKnUTable.object_id
            AND PKnUKEYCol.column_id = PKnUColIdx.column_id
     INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS oParentColDtl
            ON oParentColDtl.TABLE_NAME=PKnUTable.name
            AND oParentColDtl.COLUMN_NAME=PKnUKEYCol.name
UNION ALL
SELECT  CONSTRAINT_NAME= CAST (oConstraint.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        CONSTRAINT_TYPE='FK',
        PARENT_TABLE_NAME=CAST (oParent.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        PARENT_COL_NAME=CAST ( oParentCol.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        PARENT_COL_NAME_DATA_TYPE= oParentColDtl.DATA_TYPE,     
        REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME=CAST ( oReference.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        REFERENCE_COL_NAME=CAST (oReferenceCol.name AS VARCHAR(30)) 
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns FKC
    INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects oConstraint
            ON FKC.constraint_object_id=oConstraint.id 
    INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects oParent
            ON FKC.parent_object_id=oParent.id
    INNER JOIN sys.all_columns oParentCol
            ON FKC.parent_object_id=oParentCol.object_id /* ID of the object to which this column belongs.*/
            AND FKC.parent_column_id=oParentCol.column_id/* ID of the column. Is unique within the object.Column IDs might not be sequential.*/
    INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects oReference
            ON FKC.referenced_object_id=oReference.id
    INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS oParentColDtl
            ON oParentColDtl.TABLE_NAME=oParent.name
            AND oParentColDtl.COLUMN_NAME=oParentCol.name
    INNER JOIN sys.all_columns oReferenceCol
            ON FKC.referenced_object_id=oReferenceCol.object_id /* ID of the object to which this column belongs.*/
            AND FKC.referenced_column_id=oReferenceCol.column_id/* ID of the column. Is unique within the object.Column IDs might not be sequential.*/

)

select * from   ALL_KEYS_IN_TABLE
where   
    PARENT_TABLE_NAME  in ('YOUR_TABLE_NAME') 
    or REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME  in ('YOUR_TABLE_NAME')
ORDER BY PARENT_TABLE_NAME,CONSTRAINT_NAME;

For reference please read thru - http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqltips/archive/2005/09/16/469136.aspx

如需参考，请通读 - http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqltips/archive/2005/09/16/469136.aspx

回答by Rathienth Baskaran

Keep in mind that if you want to get exact primary field you need to put TABLE_NAME and TABLE_SCHEMA into the condition.

请记住，如果您想获得准确的主要字段，您需要将 TABLE_NAME 和 TABLE_SCHEMA 放入条件中。

this solution should work:

这个解决方案应该有效：

select COLUMN_NAME from information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE 
where CONSTRAINT_NAME='PRIMARY' AND TABLE_NAME='TABLENAME' 
AND TABLE_SCHEMA='DATABASENAME'

回答by Gennady Vanin Геннадий Ванин

It is also (Transact-SQL) ... according to BOL.

它也是（Transact-SQL）......根据BOL。

-- exec sp_serveroption 'SERVER NAME', 'data access', 'true' --execute once  

EXEC sp_primarykeys @table_server = N'server_name', 
  @table_name = N'table_name',
  @table_catalog = N'db_name', 
  @table_schema = N'schema_name'; --frequently 'dbo'