ruby Gem安装报错：你得先安装开发工具
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Gem installation error: You have to install development tools first
提问by Generic_User_ID
I tried installing the gem 'sinatra-websocket', but when I ran gem install sinatra-websocket, I got this error...
我尝试安装 gem ' sinatra-websocket'，但是当我运行时gem install sinatra-websocket，出现此错误...
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension
... along with ...
... 随着 ...
C:/Ruby193/bin/ruby.exe extconf.rb
checking for main() in -lc... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more
details. You may need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=C:/Ruby193/bin/ruby
--with-thin_parser-dir
--without-thin_parser-dir
--with-thin_parser-include
--without-thin_parser-include=${thin_parser-dir}/include
--with-thin_parser-lib
--without-thin_parser-lib=${thin_parser-dir}/lib
--with-clib
--without-clib
C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:381:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:461:in `try_link0'
from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:476:in `try_link'
from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:619:in `try_func'
from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:845:in `block in have_library'
from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:790:in `block in checking_for'
from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:284:in `block (2 levels) in postpone'
from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:254:in `open'
from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:284:in `block in postpone'
from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:254:in `open'
from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:280:in `postpone'
from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:789:in `checking_for'
from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:840:in `have_library'
from extconf.rb:4:in `<main>'
Here's what the mkmffile in C:\Ruby193\lib\ruby\gems\1.9.1\gems\thin-1.6.3\ext\thin_parserlooks like:
这是mkmf文件中的C:\Ruby193\lib\ruby\gems\1.9.1\gems\thin-1.6.3\ext\thin_parser样子：
"gcc -o conftest -IC:/Ruby193/include/ruby-1.9.1/i386-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby193/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby193/include/ruby-1.9.1 -I. -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -O3 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -g -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wimplicit-function-declaration conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby193/lib -L. -march=i486 -lmsvcrt-ruby191 -lshell32 -lws2_32 -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
6: {
7: return 0;
8: }
/* end */
I'm using Windows 7.
我正在使用 Windows 7。
Why am I getting the error? There's a line stating "could not create Makefile...", but is that relevant?
为什么我收到错误？有一行说明“无法创建 Makefile...”，但这是否相关？
回答by Alex Chin
Have you run:
你有没有跑过：
xcode-select --install
To install the Xcode Developer tools?
要安装 Xcode Developer 工具？
回答by Cereal
edit: rubyinstaller now provides installs with the devkit included. These are labelled on the download page.
编辑：rubyinstaller 现在提供包含 devkit 的安装。这些都标记在下载页面上。
Sounds like you're missing the devtools for ruby.
听起来您缺少 ruby 的开发工具。
You can get them here: http://rubyinstaller.org/downloads/just scroll down to "Development Kit".
您可以在此处获取它们：http: //rubyinstaller.org/downloads/只需向下滚动到“开发工具包”即可。
Download and extract that to anywhere you want. Open up the folder in command prompt and run ruby dk.rb init. This will create a config file detailing your ruby installations. Check this config file before continuing to confirm the paths to your ruby installation are correct.
下载并将其解压缩到您想要的任何位置。在命令提示符下打开文件夹并运行ruby dk.rb init. 这将创建一个配置文件，详细说明您的 ruby 安装。在继续确认您的 ruby 安装路径正确之前，请检查此配置文件。
Now run ruby dk.rb install. This will install the development kit.
现在运行ruby dk.rb install。这将安装开发工具包。
Restart command prompt, and try to install the gem again.
重新启动命令提示符，然后再次尝试安装 gem。
回答by Divyanshu Rawat
I was having this issue on MacOS Mojave(10.14.1). Installing latest ruby via Homebrew and setting some env variables solved it for me:
我在 MacOS Mojave(10.14.1) 上遇到了这个问题。通过 Homebrew 安装最新的 ruby 并设置一些环境变量为我解决了这个问题：
export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/ruby/include"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib/pkgconfig"
回答by tw airball
If you're on Mac OS 10.14 (Mojave) try
如果您使用的是 Mac OS 10.14 (Mojave)，请尝试
cd /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/;
open macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg
Credit to Roy Huang Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/a/55732339/1598551
归功于 Roy Huang 参考：https: //stackoverflow.com/a/55732339/1598551
回答by Gowtham Gopalakrishnan
If you're on Mac and recently upgraded your Xcode tools, run the following commands:
如果您使用的是 Mac 并且最近升级了 Xcode 工具，请运行以下命令：
sudo xcode-select --install
sudo xcodebuild -license
回答by maheshsgr
This worked for me:
这对我有用：
sudo xcode-select -switch /
sudo xcode-select -switch /
回答by Behlül U?ar
This means you don't have compiler tools installed. For mac xcode-select --installinstalls them. For linux or other systems you can use package managers, for example apt install cmakeshould install the necessary build tools for systems having apt package manager.
这意味着您没有安装编译器工具。对于 macxcode-select --install安装它们。对于 linux 或其他系统，您可以使用包管理器，例如apt install cmake应该为具有 apt 包管理器的系统安装必要的构建工具。
