Python 如何在 Docker 中使用 Chrome 运行 Selenium
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How To Run Selenium With Chrome In Docker
提问by J. Fan
I installed google-chrome in a Docker, but when I run my Python 2script of Selenium, it failed like this:
我在Docker 中安装了 google-chrome ，但是当我运行Selenium 的Python 2脚本时，它失败了，如下所示：
automation@1c17781fef0c:/topology-editor/test$ python test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 27, in <module>
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 69, in __init__
desired_capabilities=desired_capabilities)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 98, in __init__
self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 185, in start_session
response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 249, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 194, in check_response
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.31.488763 (092de99f48a300323ecf8c2a4e2e7cab51de5ba8),platform=Linux 4.4.0-83-generic x86_64)
And if I run google-chrome directly in docker, it shows below:
如果我直接在 docker 中运行 google-chrome，它会显示如下：
automation@1c17781fef0c:/topology-editor/test$ google-chrome
Failed to move to new namespace: PID namespaces supported, Network namespace supported, but failed: errno = Operation not permitted
Trace/breakpoint trap (core dumped)
automation@1c17781fef0c:/topology-editor/test$
System:
系统：
$ uname -a
Linux 1c17781fef0c 4.4.0-83-generic #106-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jun 26 17:54:43 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ google-chrome --version
Google Chrome 60.0.3112.78
$ chromedriver --version
ChromeDriver 2.31.488763 (092de99f48a300323ecf8c2a4e2e7cab51de5ba8)
回答by Tarun Lalwani
You need to launch a standalone chrome browser
您需要启动一个独立的 chrome 浏览器
docker run -d -p 4444:4444 selenium/standalone-chrome
and then in your python script launch browser using Remote webdriver
然后在你的 python 脚本中使用 Remote webdriver 启动浏览器
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
driver = webdriver.Remote("http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub", DesiredCapabilities.CHROME)
If you want you can also launch a Selenium Grid hub.
如果需要，您还可以启动 Selenium Grid 集线器。
To do this as a django test do the following:
要将此作为 django 测试执行以下操作：
# docker-compse.yml
selenium:
image: selenium/standalone-firefox
ports:
- 4444:4444
# project/app/test.py
from django.test import TestCase
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
class SiteTest(TestCase):
fixtures = [
'app/fixtures/app.json',
...
]
def setUp(self):
self.browser = webdriver.Remote("http://selenium:4444/wd/hub", DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX)
def tearDown(self):
self.browser.quit()
def test_visit_site(self):
self.browser.get('http://app:8000/')
self.assertIn(self.browser.title, 'Home')
回答by Mehmet nuri
The best way to use selenium in a docker container you need to do followings.
在 docker 容器中使用 selenium 的最佳方法，您需要执行以下操作。
Your need to add next lines to your Dockerfile
您需要在Dockerfile 中添加下一行
# install google chrome
RUN wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add -
RUN sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list'
RUN apt-get -y update
RUN apt-get install -y google-chrome-stable
# install chromedriver
RUN apt-get install -yqq unzip
RUN wget -O /tmp/chromedriver.zip http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/`curl -sS chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE`/chromedriver_linux64.zip
RUN unzip /tmp/chromedriver.zip chromedriver -d /usr/local/bin/
# set display port to avoid crash
ENV DISPLAY=:99
# install selenium
RUN pip install selenium==3.8.0
Then your code should be like this. Especially you need to declare your driverlike below:
那么你的代码应该是这样的。特别是你需要像下面这样声明你的驱动程序：
from selenium import webdriver
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--window-size=1420,1080')
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
driver.get('www.google.com')
screenshot = driver.save_screenshot('test.png')
driver.quit()
回答by anisbhsl
For people coming through google search, here is the easiest workaround:
对于通过谷歌搜索来的人，这是最简单的解决方法：
Dockerfile
Dockerfile
FROM python:3.7
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y gconf-service libasound2 libatk1.0-0 libcairo2 libcups2 libfontconfig1 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libnspr4 libpango-1.0-0 libxss1 fonts-liberation libappindicator1 libnss3 lsb-release xdg-utils
#download and install chrome
RUN wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
RUN dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb; apt-get -fy install
#install python dependencies
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r ./requirements.txt
#some envs
ENV APP_HOME /app
ENV PORT 5000
#set workspace
WORKDIR ${APP_HOME}
#copy local files
COPY . .
CMD exec gunicorn --bind :${PORT} --workers 1 --threads 8 main:app
You will need to install chromedriver_binary pip package which I have added in requirements.txtas:
您将需要安装我添加的 chromedriver_binary pip 包requirements.txt：
Flask==1.1.1
gunicorn==20.0.4
selenium==3.141.0
chromedriver-binary==79.0.3945.36
Then your main.pyshould be like:
那么你main.py应该是这样的：
from selenium import webdriver
import chromedriver_binary
chrome_options=webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
chrome_options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
chrome_options.add_argument("window-size=1400,2100")
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
driver=webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
Now, build your Dockerfileusing docker build -t <imagename> .and docker run --rm -p <yourPORT>:5000 <imagename>
现在，构建您的Dockerfile使用docker build -t <imagename> .和docker run --rm -p <yourPORT>:5000 <imagename>
回答by skaliber
I assume you need to run it in headless mode
我假设您需要在无头模式下运行它
https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome
https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome
this is how I do it in ruby
这就是我在 ruby 中的做法
capabilities = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(
chromeOptions: {args: %w[ no-sandbox headless disable-gpu window-size=1280,1000 ]})
Capybara::Selenium::Driver.new(app, :browser => :chrome, http_client: client, desired_capabilities: capabilities)
You can pretty much adapt your code in python
你几乎可以在 python 中调整你的代码
also consider installing some font libriaries that chrome needs to run on headless
还可以考虑安装一些 chrome 需要在 headless 上运行的字体库
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get -qq -y install libxpm4 libxrender1 libgtk2.0-0 libnss3\
libgconf-2-4 libpango1.0-0 libxss1 libxtst6 fonts-liberation\
libappindicator1 xdg-utils
RUN apt-get -y install \
xvfb gtk2-engines-pixbuf \
xfonts-cyrillic xfonts-100dpi xfonts-75dpi xfonts-base xfonts-scalable \
imagemagick x11-apps zip
