在 bash 中，是否有等价于 die "error msg"
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In bash, is there an equivalent of die "error msg"
提问by PJx
In perl, you can exit with an error msg with die "some msg". Is there an equivalent single command in bash? Right now, I'm achieving this using commands: echo "some msg" && exit 1
在 perl 中，您可以使用die "some msg". bash 中是否有等效的单个命令？现在，我正在使用命令来实现这一点：echo "some msg" && exit 1
回答by Keith Thompson
You can roll your own easily enough:
您可以轻松地推出自己的产品：
die() { echo "$*" 1>&2 ; exit 1; }
...
die "Kaboom"
回答by tripleee
Here's what I'm using. It's too small to put in a library so I must have typed it hundreds of times ...
这是我正在使用的。它太小而不能放入图书馆，所以我必须输入数百次......
warn () {
echo "function die
{
local message=
[ -z "$message" ] && message="Died"
echo "$message at ${BASH_SOURCE[1]}:${FUNCNAME[1]} line ${BASH_LINENO[0]}." >&2
exit 1
}
:" "$@" >&2
}
die () {
rc=
shift
warn "$@"
exit $rc
}
Usage: die 127 "Syntax error"
用法： die 127 "Syntax error"
回答by Sergey Irisov
This is a very close function to perl's "die" (but with function name):
这是一个非常接近 perl 的“die”的函数（但有函数名）：
function die
{
local message=
[ -z "$message" ] && message="Died"
echo "${BASH_SOURCE[1]}: line ${BASH_LINENO[0]}: ${FUNCNAME[1]}: $message." >&2
exit 1
}
And bash way of dying if build-in function is failed (with function name)
如果内置函数失败（带有函数名称），则 bash 会死掉
# echo pass params and print them to a log file
wlog(){
# check terminal if exists echo
test -t 1 && echo "`date +%Y.%m.%d-%H:%M:%S` [$$] $*"
# check LogFile and
test -z $LogFile || {
echo "`date +%Y.%m.%d-%H:%M:%S` [$$] $*" >> $LogFile
} #eof test
}
# eof function wlog
# exit with passed status and message
Exit(){
ExitStatus=0
case in
[0-9]) ExitStatus=""; shift 1;;
esac
Msg="$*"
test "$ExitStatus" = "0" || Msg=" ERROR: $Msg : $@"
wlog " $Msg"
exit $ExitStatus
}
#eof function Exit
So, Bash is keeping all needed info in several environment variables:
因此，Bash 将所有需要的信息保存在几个环境变量中：
- LINENO - current executed line number
- FUNCNAME - call stack of functions, first element (index 0) is current function, second (index 1) is function that called current function
- BASH_LINENO - call stack of line numbers, where corresponding FUNCNAME was called
- BASH_SOURCE - array of source file, where corresponfing FUNCNAME is stored
- LINENO - 当前执行的行号
- FUNCNAME - 函数调用栈，第一个元素（索引 0）是当前函数，第二个（索引 1）是调用当前函数的函数
- BASH_LINENO - 调用行号堆栈，其中调用了相应的 FUNCNAME
- BASH_SOURCE - 源文件数组，其中存储了相应的 FUNCNAME
回答by bonkydog
Yep, that's pretty much how you do it.
是的，这就是你的做法。
You might use a semicolon or newline instead of &&, since you want to exit whether or not echo succeeds (though I'm not sure what would make it fail).
您可以使用分号或换行符代替 &&，因为无论 echo 是否成功，您都想退出（尽管我不确定是什么导致它失败）。
Programming in a shell means using lots of little commands (some built-in commands, some tiny programs) that do one thing well and connecting them with file redirection, exit code logic and other glue.
在 shell 中编程意味着使用许多小命令（一些内置命令，一些小程序），可以很好地完成一件事，并将它们与文件重定向、退出代码逻辑和其他胶水连接起来。
It may seem weird if you're used to languages where everything is done using functions or methods, but you get used to it.
如果您习惯于使用函数或方法完成一切的语言，这可能看起来很奇怪，但您已经习惯了。
