从 Java 应用程序连接 LDAP 服务器

Connecting LDAP server from java application

提问by dhiraj

I am building an application based on GXT (J2EE). Now the problem is that I have to connect the application to a LDAP server. Can you tell me how to connect a LDAP server from our java application and what Library or API I will have to use for that?

我正在构建一个基于 GXT (J2EE) 的应用程序。现在的问题是我必须将应用程序连接到 LDAP 服务器。你能告诉我如何从我们的 Java 应用程序连接 LDAP 服务器以及我必须使用什么库或 API 吗？

回答by Pierre Henry

To connect to LDAP, check out the following packages/classes:

要连接到 LDAP，请查看以下包/类：

javax.naming.directory.*
javax.naming.ladp.*
com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory
com.sun.jndi.ldap.ControlFactory

Example code:

示例代码：

//build a hashtable containing all the necessary configuration parameters
Hashtable<String, String> environment = new Hashtable<String, String>();

environment.put(LdapContext.CONTROL_FACTORIES, conf.getProperty("ldap.factories.control"));
environment.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, conf.getProperty("ldap.factories.initctx"));
environment.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, conf.getProperty("ldap.host"));
environment.put(Context.SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION, "simple");
environment.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, conf.getProperty("ldap.user"));
environment.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, conf.getProperty("ldap.password"));
environment.put(Context.STATE_FACTORIES, "PersonStateFactory");
environment.put(Context.OBJECT_FACTORIES, "PersonObjectFactory");

// connect to LDAP
DirContext ctx = new InitialDirContext(environment);

// Specify the search filter
String FILTER = "(&(objectClass=Person) ((sAMAccountName=" + user.getUsername() + ")))";

// limit returned attributes to those we care about
String[] attrIDs = { "sn", "givenName" };

SearchControls ctls = new SearchControls();
ctls.setReturningAttributes(attrIDs);
ctls.setSearchScope(SearchControls.SUBTREE_SCOPE);

// Search for objects using filter and controls
NamingEnumeration answer = ctx.search(searchBase, FILTER, ctls);

...

SearchResult sr = (SearchResult) answer.next();
Attributes attrs = sr.getAttributes();
surName = attrs.get("sn").toString();
givenName = attrs.get("givenName").toString();
...

In this example I have a Configuration object that reads these values from a config file.

在这个例子中，我有一个从配置文件中读取这些值的配置对象。

The values would be :

这些值将是：

# LDAP parameters
ldap.host = ldap://ldap.mydomain.com:389
ldap.factories.initctx = com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory
ldap.factories.control = com.sun.jndi.ldap.ControlFactory
ldap.searchbase = dc=mydomain,dc=us
ldap.user = MYDOMAIN.COM\ldap-user
ldap.userBase= MYDOMAIN.COM\
ldap.password = ******

回答by Dungeon Hunter

You can even use Netscape LDAP SDKwhich is currently not active but gives more control in LDAP Programming

您甚至可以使用Netscape LDAP SDK，它当前未处于活动状态，但可以在 LDAP 编程中提供更多控制

回答by Pratik Patil

• Connection to a LDAP server is made using JNDI (Java Naming and Directory Interface) APIs in Java.

• The JNDI's interfaces, classes and exceptions are available in the following packages come with JDK:

  • javax.naming.*
  • javax.naming.directory.*

• That means we don't have to use any external libraries for working with LDAP servers, in most cases.

• That specifies URL of a LDAP server consists of hostname on which LDAP Server is running port number. A well known port number of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is 389 which is default.

• Also need to specify some environment properties for the connection and authentication in a Hashtable object.

• 使用 Java 中的 JNDI（Java 命名和目录接口）API 连接到 LDAP 服务器。

• JNDI 的接口、类和异常在 JDK 附带的以下包中可用：

  • javax.naming.*
  • javax.naming.directory.*

• 这意味着在大多数情况下，我们不必使用任何外部库来处理 LDAP 服务器。

• 指定 LDAP 服务器的 URL 由主机名组成，LDAP 服务器在其上运行端口号。一个众所周知的轻量目录访问协议的端口号是 389，这是默认的。

• 还需要在 Hashtable 对象中为连接和身份验证指定一些环境属性。

Here is the sample code:

这是示例代码：

import javax.naming.*;
import javax.naming.ldap.*;
import javax.naming.directory.*;

public class Ldap
{
    public static void main(String[]args)
    {
        Hashtable<String, String> environment = new Hashtable<String, String>();

        environment.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, "com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory");
        environment.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, "ldap://<hostname>:389");
        environment.put(Context.SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION, "simple");
        environment.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, "<Login DN>");
        environment.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, "<password>");

        try 
        {
            DirContext context = new InitialDirContext(environment);
            System.out.println("Connected..");
            System.out.println(context.getEnvironment());
            context.close();
        } 
        catch (AuthenticationNotSupportedException exception) 
        {
            System.out.println("The authentication is not supported by the server");
        }

        catch (AuthenticationException exception)
        {
            System.out.println("Incorrect password or username");
        }

        catch (NamingException exception)
        {
            System.out.println("Error when trying to create the context");
        }
    }
}