添加 XML 子元素
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adding XML sub-elements
提问by Gregory MOUSSAT
With PowerShell, I want to add several sub-elements into an XML tree.
I know to ADD ONE element, I know to add one or several attributes, but I don't understand how to ADD SEVERAL elements.
使用 PowerShell，我想将几个子元素添加到 XML 树中。
我知道添加一个元素，我知道添加一个或多个属性，但我不明白如何添加多个元素。
One way whould be to write a sub-XML tree as text
But I can't use this method because the elements are not added at once.
一种方法应该是将子 XML 树编写为文本
但是我不能使用这种方法，因为元素不是立即添加的。
To add one element, I do that:
要添加一个元素，我这样做：
[xml]$xml = get-content $nomfichier
$newEl = $xml.CreateElement('my_element')
[void]$xml.root.AppendChild($newEl)
Works fine. This give me this XML tree:
工作正常。这给了我这个 XML 树：
$xml | fc
class XmlDocument
{
root =
class XmlElement
{
datas =
class XmlElement
{
array1 =
[
value1
value2
value3
]
}
my_element = <-- the element I just added
}
}
Now I want to add a sub element to 'my_element'. I use a similar method:
现在我想向“my_element”添加一个子元素。我使用类似的方法：
$anotherEl = $xml.CreateElement('my_sub_element')
[void]$xml.root.my_element.AppendChild($anotherEl) <-- error because $xml.root.my_element is a string
[void]$newEl.AppendChild($anotherEl) <-- ok
$again = $xml.CreateElement('another_one')
[void]$newEl.AppendChild($again)
This give this XML tree (partialy displayed):
这给出了这个 XML 树（部分显示）：
my_element =
class XmlElement
{
my_sub_element =
another_one =
}
Those are attributes, not sub-elements.
Sub-elements would be displayed as this:
这些是属性，而不是子元素。
子元素将显示为：
my_element =
[
my_sub_element
another_one
]
Question: How do I add several sub-elements, one at a time?
问题：如何一次添加多个子元素？
回答by JPBlanc
Have a look to the following example :
看看下面的例子：
# Document creation
[xml]$xmlDoc = New-Object system.Xml.XmlDocument
$xmlDoc.LoadXml("<?xml version=`"1.0`" encoding=`"utf-8`"?><Racine></Racine>")
# Creation of a node and its text
$xmlElt = $xmlDoc.CreateElement("Machine")
$xmlText = $xmlDoc.CreateTextNode("Mach1")
$xmlElt.AppendChild($xmlText)
# Creation of a sub node
$xmlSubElt = $xmlDoc.CreateElement("Adapters")
$xmlSubText = $xmlDoc.CreateTextNode("Network")
$xmlSubElt.AppendChild($xmlSubText)
$xmlElt.AppendChild($xmlSubElt)
# Creation of an attribute in the principal node
$xmlAtt = $xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("IP")
$xmlAtt.Value = "128.200.1.1"
$xmlElt.Attributes.Append($xmlAtt)
# Add the node to the document
$xmlDoc.LastChild.AppendChild($xmlElt);
# Store to a file
$xmlDoc.Save("c:\Temp\Temp\Fic.xml")
Edited
已编辑
Remark : Using a relative path in Save will not do what you expect.
回答by Erti-Chris Eelmaa
I prefer creating xml by hand, instead of using API to construct it node by node, as imho by hand it will be much more readable and more maintable.
我更喜欢手动创建 xml，而不是使用 API 逐个节点地构建它，因为 imho 手动它将更具可读性和更易于维护。
Here is an example:
下面是一个例子：
$pathToConfig = $env:windir + "\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\Config\web.config"
$xml = [xml] (type $pathToConfig)
[xml]$appSettingsXml = @"
<appSettings>
<add key="WebMachineIdentifier" value="$webIdentifier" />
</appSettings>
"@
$xml.configuration.AppendChild($xml.ImportNode($appSettingsXml.appSettings, $true))
$xml.Save($pathToConfig)
回答by Peter
Check this code-sample. It has everything you need to create XML from scratch:
检查此代码示例。它拥有从头开始创建 XML 所需的一切：
function addElement($e1, $name2, $value2, $attr2)
{
if ($e1.gettype().name -eq "XmlDocument") {$e2 = $e1.CreateElement($name2)}
else {$e2 = $e1.ownerDocument.CreateElement($name2)}
if ($attr2) {$e2.setAttribute($value2,$attr2)}
elseif ($value2) {$e2.InnerText = "$value2"}
return $e1.AppendChild($e2)
}
function formatXML([xml]$xml)
{
$sb = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder
$sw = New-Object System.IO.StringWriter($sb)
$wr = New-Object System.Xml.XmlTextWriter($sw)
$wr.Formatting = [System.Xml.Formatting]::Indented
$xml.Save($wr)
return $sb.ToString()
}
...now let's use both functions to create and display a new XML-object:
...现在让我们使用这两个函数来创建和显示一个新的 XML 对象：
$xml = New-Object system.Xml.XmlDocument
$xml1 = addElement $xml "a"
$xml2 = addElement $xml1 "b"
$xml3 = addElement $xml2 "c" "value"
$xml3 = addElement $xml2 "d" "attrib" "attrib_value"
write-host `nFormatted XML:`r`n`n(formatXML $xml.OuterXml)
the result looks like this:
结果如下所示：
Formatted XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<a>
<b>
<c>value</c>
<d attrib="attrib_value" />
</b>
</a>
