git gitignore 目录异常不起作用
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gitignore directory exception not working
提问by Marty Wallace
I have the following folder structure:
我有以下文件夹结构：
public
media
catalog
product
category
private
tmp
var
test
I want to gitignore everything in the mediadirectory except for catalog/categoryand private
我想 gitignoremedia目录中的所有内容，除了catalog/category和private
My gitignore I am trying is:
我正在尝试的 gitignore 是：
public/media/*
!public/media/catalog/category/
!public/media/private
But it doesn't work. Any new files added to the categoryor privatedirectories are not available to add.
但它不起作用。添加到category或private目录的任何新文件都无法添加。
I could just git add force but I would like this done through the gitignore if possible
我可以 git add force 但如果可能的话，我希望通过 gitignore 完成
回答by CB Bailey
It's usually simplest to put just a .gitignoreat the level where it starts to matter. (This also helps if you ever split a repository or move directories around.) In this case you need to ignore everything except catalogand privatein the public/mediafolder so in public/media/.gitignoreput:
通常最简单的方法是将 a.gitignore放在它开始重要的级别。（这也可以帮助，如果你曾经分裂围绕一个仓库或移动目录）。在这种情况下，你需要不顾一切，除了catalog和private中public/media这样的文件夹public/media/.gitignore放：
/*
!/catalog/
!/private/
and in public/media/catalog/.gitignoreput:
并输入public/media/catalog/.gitignore：
/*
!/category/
It's important (and the reason that your rules are not working) not to ignore the public/media/catalogdirectory itself, as otherwise everything in it will be ignored, even if you didn't want to ignore a specific part of its contents.
重要的是（以及您的规则不起作用的原因）不要忽略public/media/catalog目录本身，否则其中的所有内容都将被忽略，即使您不想忽略其内容的特定部分。
Of course, you can combine this into a single ignore at the public/medialevel if you like:
当然，public/media如果您愿意，您可以在级别将其合并为单个忽略：
/*
!/catalog/
!/private/
/catalog/*
!/catalog/category/
回答by tanius
Solution with a single .gitignorefile in the repo root directory
使用.gitignorerepo根目录中的单个文件的解决方案
You tried to use one .gitignorefile at the repository's root level. Like you, I usually also centralize all ignores like this to keep things tidy. In this case it is difficult though, because "It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent directory of that file is excluded" [source].
您试图.gitignore在存储库的根级别使用一个文件。像你一样，我通常也会像这样集中所有忽略以保持整洁。在这种情况下，这很困难，因为“如果排除了该文件的父目录，则无法重新包含该文件”[来源]。
My ugly solution for this restriction, which I also explore in my related answers hereand here: re-include all parent directories along the path before re-including your desired file, while keeping other files in these parent directories out by re-excluding them.
我针对此限制的丑陋解决方案，我也在此处和此处的相关答案中进行了探讨：在重新包含所需文件之前，重新包含路径中的所有父目录，同时通过重新排除这些父目录中的其他文件.
With that, your .gitignorepatterns would be:
这样，您的.gitignore模式将是：
public/media/**
!public/media/private
!public/media/catalog/
public/media/catalog/**
!public/media/catalog/category/
