将代理设置为 urllib.request (Python3)
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Setting proxy to urllib.request (Python3)
提问by gm1
How can I set proxy for the last urllibin Python 3.
I am doing the next
如何urllib在 Python 3 中为最后一个设置代理。我正在做下一个
from urllib import request as urlrequest
ask = urlrequest.Request(url) # note that here Request has R not r as prev versions
open = urlrequest.urlopen(req)
open.read()
I tried adding proxy as follows :
我尝试添加代理如下：
ask=urlrequest.Request.set_proxy(ask,proxies,'http')
However I don't know how correct it is since I am getting the next error:
但是我不知道它有多正确，因为我收到下一个错误：
336 def set_proxy(self, host, type):
--> 337 if self.type == 'https' and not self._tunnel_host:
338 self._tunnel_host = self.host
339 else:
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'type'
采纳答案by mhawke
You should be calling set_proxy()on an instanceof class Request, not on the class itself:
您应该调用classset_proxy()的实例Request，而不是类本身：
from urllib import request as urlrequest
proxy_host = 'localhost:1234' # host and port of your proxy
url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/ip'
req = urlrequest.Request(url)
req.set_proxy(proxy_host, 'http')
response = urlrequest.urlopen(req)
print(response.read().decode('utf8'))
回答by Alexander Taubenkorb
I needed to disable the proxyin our company environment, because I wanted to access a server on localhost. I could not disable the proxy server with the approach from @mhawke (tried to pass {}, Noneand []as proxies).
我需要在我们公司的环境中禁用代理，因为我想访问本地主机上的服务器。我无法使用@mhawke 的方法禁用代理服务器（试图通过{}，None并[]作为代理）。
This worked for me (can also be used for setting a specific proxy, see comment in code).
这对我有用（也可用于设置特定代理，请参阅代码中的注释）。
import urllib.request as request
# disable proxy by passing an empty
proxy_handler = request.ProxyHandler({})
# alertnatively you could set a proxy for http with
# proxy_handler = request.ProxyHandler({'http': 'http://www.example.com:3128/'})
opener = request.build_opener(proxy_handler)
url = 'http://www.example.org'
# open the website with the opener
req = opener.open(url)
data = req.read().decode('utf8')
print(data)
回答by CONvid19
I normally use the following code for proxy requests:
我通常使用以下代码进行代理请求：
import requests
proxies = {
'http': 'http://proxy.server:port',
'https': 'http://proxyserver:port',
}
s = requests.Session()
s.proxies = proxies
r = s.get('https://api.ipify.org?format=json').json()
print(r['ip'])
回答by Pierz
Urllib will automatically detect proxiesset up in the environment - so one can just set the HTTP_PROXYvariable either in your environment e.g. for Bash:
Urllib 将自动检测在环境中设置的代理- 因此HTTP_PROXY您可以在您的环境中设置变量，例如用于 Bash：
export HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy_url:proxy_port
or using Python e.g.
或使用 Python 例如
import os
os.environ['HTTP_PROXY'] = 'http://proxy_url:proxy_port'
