bash Shell 脚本：死于任何错误
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Shell scripting: die on any error
提问by Pistos
Suppose a shell script (/bin/sh or /bin/bash) contained several commands. How can I cleanly make the script terminate if any of the commands has a failing exit status? Obviously, one can use if blocks and/or callbacks, but is there a cleaner, more concise way? Using && is not really an option either, because the commands can be long, or the script could have non-trivial things like loops and conditionals.
假设一个 shell 脚本（/bin/sh 或 /bin/bash）包含几个命令。如果任何命令的退出状态失败，我如何干净地使脚本终止？显然，可以使用 if 块和/或回调，但是有没有一种更简洁、更简洁的方法？使用 && 也不是一个真正的选项，因为命令可能很长，或者脚本可能包含循环和条件等重要内容。
回答by mat
With standard shand bash, you can
使用标准sh和bash，您可以
set -e
It will
它会
$ help set
...
-e Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status.
It also works (from what I could gather) with zsh. It also should work for any Bourne shell descendant.
它也适用于（从我可以收集到的）与zsh. 它也应该适用于任何 Bourne shell 后代。
With csh/tcsh, you have to launch your script with #!/bin/csh -e
使用csh/ tcsh，您必须使用#!/bin/csh -e
回答by Barun
May be you could use:
也许你可以使用：
$ <any_command> || exit 1
回答by f0ster
You can check $? to see what the most recent exit code is..
你可以检查 $? 查看最新的退出代码是什么..
e.g
例如
#!/bin/sh
# A Tidier approach
check_errs()
{
# Function. Parameter 1 is the return code
# Para. 2 is text to display on failure.
if [ "" -ne "0" ]; then
echo "ERROR # : "
# as a bonus, make our script exit with the right error code.
exit
fi
}
### main script starts here ###
grep "^:" /etc/passwd > /dev/null 2>&1
check_errs $? "User not found in /etc/passwd"
USERNAME=`grep "^:" /etc/passwd|cut -d":" -f1`
check_errs $? "Cut returned an error"
echo "USERNAME: $USERNAME"
check_errs $? "echo returned an error - very strange!"
