安装 Ruby on Rails 时出错：“无法构建 gem 本机扩展”
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Error when installing Ruby on Rails: "Failed to build gem native extension"
提问by LonelyWebCrawler
I'm running Crunchbang 11 (Debian-based).
我正在运行 Crunchbang 11（基于 Debian）。
I'm trying to install Ruby on Rails, like this:
我正在尝试安装 Ruby on Rails，如下所示：
gem install rails --version 4.0.0
I get the error "Failed to build gem native extension".
我收到错误“无法构建 gem 本机扩展”。
My ruby is version 2.0.0p247, my RubyGems is 2.0.0.
我的 ruby 是版本2.0.0p247，我的 RubyGems 是2.0.0.
What's the issue here?
这里有什么问题？
This is the full error output:
这是完整的错误输出：
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing rails:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin/ruby extconf.rb
creating Makefile
make
compiling atomic_reference.c
linking shared-object atomic_reference.so
make install
/usr/bin/install -c -m 0755 atomic_reference.so /home/erlkoenig/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/atomic-1.1.10/lib/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/x86_64-linux
/usr/bin/install: cannot create regular file `/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/atomic-1.1.10/lib/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/x86_64-linux': No such file or directory
make: *** [install-so] Error 1
Gem files will remain installed in /home/erlkoenig/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/atomic-1.1.10 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/erlkoenig/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/atomic-1.1.10/ext/gem_make.out
My env:
我的env：
ORBIT_SOCKETDIR=/tmp/orbit-erlkoenig
SSH_AGENT_PID=2695
rvm_bin_path=/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/bin
GEM_HOME=/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247
SHELL=/bin/bash
TERM=xterm-256color
XDG_SESSION_COOKIE=9e0343c07c890bd2d60ee6a750f36c6c-1373892339.852749-193038580
IRBRC=/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/.irbrc
WINDOWID=39845892
GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL=/home/erlkoenig/.cache/keyring-g6PRS5
MY_RUBY_HOME=/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247
USER=erlkoenig
LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.axa=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:
rvm_path=/home/erlkoenig/.rvm
SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/tmp/ssh-XVmUxMD7LHwi/agent.2651
rvm_prefix=/home/erlkoenig
PATH=/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin:/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@global/bin:/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin:/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/bin:/home/erlkoenig/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games:/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/bin:/home/erlkoenig/.scripts:/home/erlkoenig/.scripts/netlogo-5.0.3:/opt/node/bin
MAIL=/var/mail/erlkoenig
PWD=/home/erlkoenig
EDITOR=vim
GNOME_KEYRING_PID=2575
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
rvm_env_string=ruby-2.0.0-p247
rvm_version=1.21.9 (stable)
SHLVL=1
HOME=/home/erlkoenig
rvm_ruby_string=ruby-2.0.0-p247
LOGNAME=erlkoenig
GEM_PATH=/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247:/home/erlkoenig/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@global
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-9eOdnYZelY,guid=a5db4ca68e107a48a04c8b8e51e3eef4
DISPLAY=:0.0
RUBY_VERSION=ruby-2.0.0-p247
XAUTHORITY=/home/erlkoenig/.Xauthority
COLORTERM=gnome-terminal
_=/usr/bin/env
回答by shrikant1712
Rails 4.0 needs RubyGem version 2.0.3, Just update your system by using following command
Rails 4.0 需要 RubyGem 2.0.3 版，只需使用以下命令更新您的系统
gem update --system 2.0.3
回答by Jimmy MG Lim
Just a follow up ... on different solution...
只是跟进......关于不同的解决方案......
it may be that you are on a mac and rails cannot find the right compiler for c headers.
可能是您使用的是 mac，而 rails 找不到适合 c 头文件的编译器。
just install xcode from apps store / homebrew or go to terminal ...
只需从应用商店/自制软件安装 xcode 或转到终端...
$ xcode-select --install
$ xcode-select --install
complete the installation and agree on the licensing etc, then ...
完成安装并同意许可等，然后...
$ sudo gem install rails
$ sudo gem 安装导轨
回答by Adel Ben Hamadi
Got the same issue when installing rails with the command "gem install rails -v 5.1.2" on windows7, solved after installing "MSYS2 and MINGW development toolchain" (command ridk install then option 3)..It took a while to finish the installation and then i installed rails without any problem
在 windows7 上使用命令“gem install rails -v 5.1.2”安装 rails 时遇到同样的问题，在安装“MSYS2 和 MINGW 开发工具链”后解决（命令ridk install 然后选项 3）。花了一段时间才完成安装然后我安装了导轨没有任何问题
回答by Syed_Shahiq
Run the following command:
运行以下命令：
sudo apt-get install ruby-dev zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev
Then,
然后，
sudo gem install rails
回答by Nhan
On Fedora 30, I ran into this problem "Failed to build gem native extension". The log error was "gcc: fatal error: cannot read spec file ‘/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1': No such file or directory". The solution was found here.
在 Fedora 30 上，我遇到了这个问题“无法构建 gem 本机扩展”。日志错误是“gcc：致命错误：无法读取规范文件‘/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1’：没有这样的文件或目录”。解决方案在这里找到。
If you installed all the above, but the extensions would still not compile, you are probably running a Fedora image that misses redhat-rpm-config package. In that case gcc compiler would complain about one of the following:
gcc: error: conftest.c: No such file or directory
gcc: error: /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1: No such file or directory
To solve this, simply run sudo dnf install redhat-rpm-config.
回答by Trieu Nguyen
For anyone got the error:"Failed to build gem native extension”, while running sudo gem install rails, and it said somethings about "nokogiri".
对于任何人都收到错误：“无法构建 gem 本机扩展”，在运行时sudo gem install rails，它说了一些关于“nokogiri”的内容。
It is possible because you are using the same ruby version as system is using (for mac user). The solution would be install RVM, use RVM to install another ruby version.
这是可能的，因为您使用的 ruby 版本与系统使用的相同（对于 mac 用户）。解决方案是安装 RVM，使用 RVM 安装另一个 ruby 版本。
So now you have 2 Ruby versions on your machine, RVM will automatically switch to the newly installed version. now, you can run gem install railswithout error and without sudoas well.
所以现在你的机器上有 2 个 Ruby 版本，RVM 会自动切换到新安装的版本。现在，您可以gem install rails无错误地运行，也可以无错误地运行sudo。
回答by Edmundo
i'm running elementary os 5 and what i do is.
我正在运行基本操作系统 5，我所做的是。
sudo gem update --system
and then try again.
然后再试一次。
sudo gem install rails
回答by Alvaro Alvarez
I had the same error when installing rails, but I solved it by running the command: gem install railswithout adding sudo.
我在安装 rails 时遇到了同样的错误，但我通过运行以下命令解决了它：gem install rails不添加sudo.
回答by Andre Mesquita
Try
尝试
sudo gem install rails --version 2.0
sudo gem install rails --version 2.0
to install libraries.
安装库。
