C语言 stdlib.h：没有这样的文件或目录
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stdlib.h: no such file or directory
提问by Dolan Murvihill
I am using various stdlib functions like srand(), etc. I have the line
我正在使用各种 stdlib 函数，如 srand() 等。我有这条线
#include <stdlib.h>
at the top of my code.
在我的代码顶部。
I entered this on the command line:
我在命令行输入了这个：
# find / -name stdlib.h
find: `/home/dmurvihill/.gvfs: permission denied
/usr/include/stdlib.h
/usr/include/bits/stdlib.h
So, stdlib.h is clearly in /usr/include.
所以，stdlib.h 显然在 /usr/include 中。
My preprocessor:
我的预处理器：
# gcc -print-prog-name=cc1
/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/cc1
My preprocessor's default search path:
我的预处理器的默认搜索路径：
# /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/cc1 -v
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/local/include
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include
/usr/include
End of search list.
So, stdlib.h is clearly in /usr/include, which is most definitely supposed to be searched by my preprocessor, but I still get this error!
所以，stdlib.h 显然在 /usr/include 中，我的预处理器肯定会搜索它，但我仍然收到此错误！
/path/to/cpa_sample_code_main.c:15:20: fatal error: stdlib.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated
Update
更新
A program I wrote to test this code:
我写的一个程序来测试这段代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello, World!\n");
printf("Getting time...\n");
time_t seconds;
time(&seconds);
printf("Seeding generator...\n");
srand((unsigned int)seconds);
printf("Getting random number...\n");
int value = rand();
printf("It is %d!",value);
printf("Goodbye, cruel world!");
return 0;
}
The command
命令
gcc -H -v -fsyntax-only stdlib_test.c
output
输出
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,lto --enable-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --disable-dssi --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0/jre --enable-libgcj-multifile --enable-java-maintainer-mode --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --disable-libjava-multilib --with-ppl --with-cloog --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=i686 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4) (GCC)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-H' '-v' '-fsyntax-only' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/cc1 -quiet -v -H /CRF_Verify/stdlib_test.c -quiet -dumpbase stdlib_test.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase stdlib_test -version -fsyntax-only -o /dev/null
GNU C (GCC) version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4) (x86_64-redhat-linux)
compiled by GNU C version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4), GMP version 4.3.1, MPFR version 2.4.2, MPC version 0.8.1
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/local/include
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include
/usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C (GCC) version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4) (x86_64-redhat-linux)
compiled by GNU C version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4), GMP version 4.3.1, MPFR version 2.4.2, MPC version 0.8.1
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: ea394b69293dd698607206e8e43d607e
. /usr/include/stdio.h
.. /usr/include/features.h
... /usr/include/sys/cdefs.h
.... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
... /usr/include/gnu/stubs.h
.... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
.... /usr/include/gnu/stubs-64.h
.. /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h
.. /usr/include/bits/types.h
... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
... /usr/include/bits/typesizes.h
.. /usr/include/libio.h
... /usr/include/_G_config.h
.... /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h
.... /usr/include/wchar.h
... /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stdarg.h
.. /usr/include/bits/stdio_lim.h
.. /usr/include/bits/sys_errlist.h
. /usr/include/stdlib.h
.. /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h
.. /usr/include/bits/waitflags.h
.. /usr/include/bits/waitstatus.h
... /usr/include/endian.h
.... /usr/include/bits/endian.h
.... /usr/include/bits/byteswap.h
..... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
.. /usr/include/sys/types.h
... /usr/include/time.h
... /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h
... /usr/include/sys/select.h
.... /usr/include/bits/select.h
..... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
.... /usr/include/bits/sigset.h
.... /usr/include/time.h
.... /usr/include/bits/time.h
... /usr/include/sys/sysmacros.h
... /usr/include/bits/pthreadtypes.h
.... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
.. /usr/include/alloca.h
... /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h
. /usr/include/linux/time.h
.. /usr/include/linux/types.h
... /usr/include/asm/types.h
.... /usr/include/asm-generic/types.h
..... /usr/include/asm-generic/int-ll64.h
...... /usr/include/asm/bitsperlong.h
....... /usr/include/asm-generic/bitsperlong.h
... /usr/include/linux/posix_types.h
.... /usr/include/linux/stddef.h
.... /usr/include/asm/posix_types.h
..... /usr/include/asm/posix_types_64.h
In file included from /CRF_Verify/stdlib_test.c:3:0:
/usr/include/linux/time.h:9:8: error: redefinition of ‘struct timespec'
/usr/include/time.h:120:8: note: originally defined here
/usr/include/linux/time.h:15:8: error: redefinition of ‘struct timeval'
/usr/include/bits/time.h:75:8: note: originally defined here
Multiple include guards may be useful for:
/usr/include/asm/posix_types.h
/usr/include/bits/byteswap.h
/usr/include/bits/endian.h
/usr/include/bits/select.h
/usr/include/bits/sigset.h
/usr/include/bits/stdio_lim.h
/usr/include/bits/sys_errlist.h
/usr/include/bits/time.h
/usr/include/bits/typesizes.h
/usr/include/bits/waitflags.h
/usr/include/bits/waitstatus.h
/usr/include/gnu/stubs-64.h
/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h
/usr/include/wchar.h
采纳答案by Dave
Your error appears to stem from including linux/time.hwhen also trying to include stdlib.h. linux/time.his a kernel header and should only be used in kernel code. stdlib.his a user-land function and should only be used in user programs. If you notice the error you get:
您的错误似乎源于linux/time.h在尝试包含时包含stdlib.h。 linux/time.h是一个内核头文件，应该只在内核代码中使用。 stdlib.h是用户级功能，只能在用户程序中使用。如果你注意到你得到的错误：
/usr/include/linux/time.h:12: error: redefinition of 'struct timespec'
/usr/include/linux/time.h:18: error: redefinition of 'struct timeval'
you can see that you are getting an error related to this. As seen in your long trace, this is because stdlib.his including time.h(the one in /usr/include, not /usr/include/linux). I imagine that this is the real cause of the error you see about not finding stdlib.h (although I cannot imagine the details of how the errors are occurring the way they are).
您可以看到您收到与此相关的错误。正如在您的长跟踪中所见，这是因为stdlib.h包括time.h（在 中的一个/usr/include，而不是/usr/include/linux）。我想这是您看到的关于未找到 stdlib.h 的错误的真正原因（尽管我无法想象这些错误是如何发生的细节）。
回答by Shailen
For anyone who landed here trying to compile a C++ program with Cygwinon Windows, my problem was that I had both MingWand Cygwin. MingW was installed as part of the Cygwin setup. I used the setup.exe(let's call it package installer) from Cygwin and removed all instances of MingW. After that, my test application compiled properly.
对于那些试图在 Windows 上使用Cygwin编译 C++ 程序的人来说，我的问题是我同时拥有MingW和Cygwin。MingW 是作为 Cygwin 安装程序的一部分安装的。我使用了setup.exeCygwin的（我们称之为包安装程序）并删除了 MingW 的所有实例。之后，我的测试应用程序正确编译。
Note: This solution is what worked for me. There are gazillion other reasons why you have the same error.
注意：此解决方案对我有用。有无数其他原因导致您出现相同的错误。
