C++ 读取 Matrix txt 文件并存储为数组

Reading a Matrix txt file and storing as an array

提问by Temperedsoul

I'm currently writing a Simulated Annealing code to solve a traveling salesman problem and have run into difficulties with storing and using my read data from a txt file. Each row & column in the file represents each city, with the distance between two different cities stored as a 15 x 15 matrix:

我目前正在编写模拟退火代码来解决旅行商问题，并且在存储和使用我从 txt 文件中读取的数据时遇到了困难。文件中的每一行和每一列代表每个城市，两个不同城市之间的距离存储为 15 x 15 矩阵：

0.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 7.1 5.0
5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 1.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 1.0 7.1
5.0 5.0 0.0 6.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 7.0 1.0 5.0 6.0
6.0 5.0 6.0 0.0 5.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0
7.0 5.0 1.0 5.0 0.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 6.0 2.0 2.0 5.0
2.0 2.0 6.0 2.0 7.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 0.0 2.0 6.0 1.0 5.0 7.0 5.0 1.0 6.0
2.0 1.0 5.0 6.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 0.0 7.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 2.0
1.0 5.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 6.0 6.0
5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 0.0 7.0 1.0 2.0 5.0 2.0
5.0 6.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 7.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0
1.0 6.0 7.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 7.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 5.0 6.0 5.0
2.0 6.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 0.0 7.0 6.0
7.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 2.0 6.0 7.0 0.0 5.0
5.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 2.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 0.0

To read this I have a LoadCities() function as shown below:

要阅读本文，我有一个 LoadCities() 函数，如下所示：

#include "iostream"
#include "fstream"      
#include "string"   
using namespace std;

double distances [15][15];  

void LoadCities()
{
    ifstream CityFile;

    if (!CityFile.is_open()) //check is file has been opened
    {
        CityFile.open ("Cities.txt", ios::in | ios::out);

        if (!CityFile)
        {
            cerr << "Failed to open " << CityFile << endl;
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);  //abort program
        }
    }

    int length;
    char * buffer;
    string cities;

    CityFile.seekg(0, ios::end);
    length = CityFile.tellg();
    CityFile.seekg (0, ios::beg);

    buffer = new char [length];

    cities = CityFile.read (buffer,length); 

    string rows = strtok(cities, "\n");

    distances = new double[rows.length()][rows.length()];

            for (int i = 0; i < (string) rows.length(); i++)
            {
                string distance = strtok(rows[i], " ");

                for (int j = 0; j < distance.length(); j++)
                {
                    distances[i][j] = (double) Parse(distance[j]);
                }
            }

    CityFile.close();
}

I've attempted an alternative istreambuf_iterator method to get to the point of manipulating the read material into arrays, however I always seem to run into complications:

我已经尝试了另一种 istreambuf_iterator 方法来将读取的材料操作到数组中，但是我似乎总是遇到并发症：

ifstream CityFile("Cities.txt");
string theString((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(CityFile)), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());

Any help would be much appriciated. Been bashing my head against this with little success!

任何帮助都会非常有用。一直在抨击我，但收效甚微！

################ 编辑/更新

@ SoapBox - Some Detail of the SA code, functions and main(). This is not clean, efficient, tidy and isn't ment to be at this stage, just needs to work for the moment. This version (below) works and is setup to solve polynomials (simplest problems). What needs to be done to convert it to a Traveling Salesman Problem is to:

@ SoapBox - SA 代码、函数和 main() 的一些细节。这不是干净、高效、整洁，也不是在这个阶段，只需要暂时工作。此版本（如下）有效并设置为解决多项式（最简单的问题）。将其转换为旅行商问题需要做的是：

1. Write the LoadCities() function to gather the distance data. (Current)

2. Change Initialise() to get the Total of the distances involved

3. Change E() to the TSP function (e.g. Calculate distance of a random route)

1. 编写 LoadCities() 函数来收集距离数据。（当前的）

2. 更改 Initialise() 以获取所涉及距离的总和

3. 将 E() 更改为 TSP 函数（例如计算随机路线的距离）

The latter two I know I can do, however I require LoadCities() to do it. Nothing else needs to be changed in the following script.

后两个我知道我可以做，但是我需要 LoadCities() 来做。以下脚本中无需更改任何其他内容。

#include "math.h"
#include "iostream"
#include "fstream"
#include "time.h"   // Define time()
#include "stdio.h"  // Define printf()
#include "randomc.h"    // Define classes for random number generators
#include "mersenne.cpp" // Include code for the chosen random number generator

using namespace std; // For the use of text generation in application

double T;
double T_initial;

double S;
double S_initial;
double S_current;
double S_trial;

double E_current;

int N_step;        // Number of Iterations for State Search per Temperature
int N_max;         //Number of Iterations for Temperature
int Write;

const double EXP = 2.718281828;

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Problem Function of Primary Variable (Debugged 17/02/09 - Works as intended)

double E(double x) //ORIGNINAL
{
    double y = x*x - 6*x + 2;

     return y;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Random Number Generation Function (Mod 19/02/09 - Generated integers only & fixed sequence)

double Random_Number_Generator(double nHigh, double nLow) 
{
    int seed = (int)time(0);            // Random seed

    CRandomMersenne RanGen(seed);       // Make instance of random number generator

    double fr;                          // Random floating point number

    fr = ((RanGen.Random() * (nHigh - nLow)) + nLow);   // Generatres Random Interger between nLow & nHigh

    return fr;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Initializing Function (Temp 17/02/09)

void Initialize() //E.g. Getting total Distance between Cities
{
    S_initial = Random_Number_Generator(10, -10);

    cout << "S_Initial: " << S_initial << endl;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Cooling Schedule Function (make variables) (Completed 16/02/09)

double Schedule(double Temp, int i) // Need to find cooling schedule
{
    double CoolingRate = 0.9999;

    return Temp *= CoolingRate; 
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Next State Function (Mod 18/02/09)

double Next_State(double T_current, int i)
{
        S_trial = Random_Number_Generator(pow(3, 0.5), pow(3, 0.5)*-1); 

        S_trial += S_current;

        double E_t = E(S_trial);
        double E_c = E(S_current);

        double deltaE = E_t - E_c;                              //Defines gradient of movement

        if ( deltaE <= 0 )                                      //Downhill
        {    
            S_current = S_trial;
            E_current = E_t;
        }
        else                                                    //Uphill
        {
            double R = Random_Number_Generator(1,0);            //pseudo random number generated
            double Ratio = 1-(float)i/(float)N_max;             //Control Parameter Convergence to 0
            double ctrl_pram = pow(EXP, (-deltaE / T_current)); //Control Parameter

            if (R < ctrl_pram*Ratio)                            //Checking 
            {   
                S_current = S_trial;                            //Expresses probability of uphill acceptance
                E_current = E_t;                                
            }
            else 
                E_current = E_c;
        }

        return S_current;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Metropolis Function (Mod 18/02/09)

double Metropolis(double S_start, double T_current, int N_Steps, int N_temperatures)
{
     S_current = S_start;                                       //Initialised S_initial equated to S_current

     for ( int i=1; i <= N_step; i++ )                          //Iteration of neighbour states
        S_current = Next_State(T_current, N_temperatures);      //Determines acceptance of new states

     return S_current;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Write Results to Notepad (Completed 18/02/09)

void WriteResults(double i, double T, double x, double y)
{
//This function opens a results file (if not already opened)
//and stores results for one time step

    static ofstream OutputFile;
    const int MAXLENGTH = 80;

    if (!OutputFile.is_open()) //check is file has been opened
    {
        //no it hasn't. Get a file name and open it.
        char FileName[MAXLENGTH];

        //read file name
        cout << "Enter file name: ";
        do
        {
            cin.getline(FileName, MAXLENGTH);
        }
        while (strlen(FileName) <= 0); //try again if length of string is 0

        //open file
        OutputFile.open(FileName);

        // check if file was opened successfully
        if (!OutputFile)
        {
            cerr << "Failed to open " << FileName << endl;
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);  //abort program
        }

        OutputFile << "Iterations" << '\t' << "Temperatures" << '\t' << "X-Value" << '\t' << "Y-Value" << endl; 
        OutputFile << endl;
    }

    //OutputFile.width(10);
    OutputFile << i << '\t' << T << '\t' << x << '\t' << y << endl; 

    if (i == N_max) 
    {   
        OutputFile << endl
               << "Settings: " << endl
               << "Initial Temperature: " << T_initial << endl
               << "Temperature Iterations: " << N_max << endl
               << "Step Iterations: " << N_step << endl
               << endl
               << "Results: " << endl
               << "Final Temperature: " << T << endl 
               << "Minimum: " << S << endl;

        OutputFile.close();
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Main SA Function (Mod 17/02/09)

void SA(int W)
{
    S = S_initial;
    T = T_initial;

    for ( int N_temperatures = 1 ; N_temperatures <= N_max ; N_temperatures++ )
    {
        S = Metropolis( S, T, N_step, N_temperatures);
        T = Schedule(T, N_temperatures);

        if (W == 1)
            WriteResults(N_temperatures, T, S, E_current);
    }

    cout << "Result" << endl
    << "Y-value> " << S << endl
    << "Temperature> " << T << endl;

}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Execution of Traveling Salesman Problem (Progress 18/02/09)


int main()
{
    cout << "Quadratic Function" << endl
         << "Solving method: Simulated Annealing" << endl;
    cout << "" << endl;

    cout << "Select desired Initial Temperature:" << endl
         << "> ";
    cin >> T_initial;

    cout << "Select desired number of Temperature Iterations:" << endl
         << "> ";
    cin >> N_max;

    cout << "Select desired number of step Iterations:" << endl
         << "> ";
    cin >> N_step;

    Initialize();

    cout << "Write to file: (1 / 0) " << endl
         << "> ";
    cin >> Write;

    SA(Write);

    system ("PAUSE");

    return 0;
}

@ strager - I know its bad code, but unfortunatly with the time constraints involved for my project and the consiquental learning curve, results are what are needed! :) It'll be tidied up at latter stages.

@ strager - 我知道它的代码不好，但不幸的是，由于我的项目所涉及的时间限制和相应的学习曲线，结果才是所需要的！:) 它会在后期进行整理。

@ dirkgently - That was the initial reason for doing it this way, and hence why my first attempt is to go at it like so.

@dirkgently - 这是这样做的最初原因，因此我的第一次尝试就是这样做。

回答by schnaader

How about this? (KISSsolution)

这个怎么样？（亲吻解决方案）

void LoadCities() {
  int x, y;
  ifstream in("Cities.txt");

  if (!in) {
    cout << "Cannot open file.\n";
    return;
  }

  for (y = 0; y < 15; y++) {
    for (x = 0; x < 15; x++) {
      in >> distances[x][y];
    }
  }

  in.close();
}

Works for me. Might not be that complex and perhaps isn't very performant, but as long as you aren't reading a 1000x1000 array, you won't see any difference.

为我工作。可能没有那么复杂，也可能不是很高效，但只要您不读取 1000x1000 数组，您就看不到任何区别。

回答by dirkgently

Does it even compile? I get ~7 errors. A sample:

它甚至编译吗？我收到约 7 个错误。一个样品：

strtok(cities, "\n");

strtok(cities, "\n");

strtok()'s first argument is a char *and not a std::string.

strtok()的第一个参数是 achar *而不是 std::string。

Does this help?

这有帮助吗？

void LoadCities()
{
  std::vector<double> f((std::istream_iterator<double>
       (std::ifstream("city.txt"))), /* replace filename with your own */
    (std::istream_iterator<double>()));
  if (!f.empty()) {
    std::cout << f.size() << "\n";
    /* print an arbitrary data point with 2 places of decimal */
    std::cout << std::setprecision(2) << f[ 0 ] << std::endl; 

  }
}

Working with matrices doesn't mean you need to have a multidimensional array. Especially, with 2D arrays. Of course it's easier to read and write ;)

使用矩阵并不意味着您需要有一个多维数组。特别是对于二维数组。当然，它更容易阅读和写作;)

回答by strager

You probably want something simpler, like this:

你可能想要更简单的东西，像这样：

std::vector<std::vector<std::string> > LoadCities(const std::string &filename)
{
    using namespace std;

    ifstream file;
    file.open(filename, ios::in | ios::out);

    if(!file.is_open()) {
        // error
        return vector<vector<double> >();
    }

    vector<vector<double> > data;
    string line;

    while(!std::getline(file, line, '\n').eof()) {
        istringstream reader(line);

        vector<double> lineData;

        string::const_iterator i = line.begin();

        while(!reader.eof()) {
            double val;
            reader << val;

            if(reader.fail())
                break;

            lineData.push_back(val);
        }

        data.push_back(lineData);
    }

    return data;
}

Basically you use streams to input the data. I'm probably doing something wrong (I have never dealt with iostreams ;P) but this should give you the general idea of how to structure a matrix reader.

基本上你使用流来输入数据。我可能做错了什么（我从来没有处理过 iostreams ;P），但这应该能让你大致了解如何构建矩阵阅读器。

回答by xian

Here is how I would load/save it:

这是我将如何加载/保存它：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>

int width = 0;
int height = 0;
double **distances;

void WriteDouble( std::ofstream &stream, double toWrite )
{
    char buffer[8];
    memcpy( buffer, &toWrite, 8 );
    stream.write( buffer, 8 );
}

void WriteInt( std::ofstream &stream, int toWrite )
{
    char buffer[4];
    memcpy( buffer, &toWrite, 4 );
    stream.write( buffer, 4 );
}

double ReadDouble( std::ifstream &stream )
{
    double d = 0;
    stream.read( (char *)&d, 8 );
    return d;
}

int ReadInt( std::ifstream &stream )
{
    int i = 0;
    stream.read( (char *)&i, 4 );
    return i;
}

void Save()
{
    std::ofstream stream( "cities", std::ios::out | std::ios::binary );

    if( !stream.good() ) {
        throw std::exception( "Error opening stream" );
    }

    WriteInt( stream, width );
    WriteInt( stream, height );

    for( int x = 0; x < width; x++ ) {
        for( int y = 0; y < height; y++ ) {
            WriteDouble( stream, distances[x][y] );
        }
    }

    stream.close();
}

void Load()
{
    std::ifstream stream( "cities", std::ios::in | std::ios::binary );

    if( !stream.good() ) {
        throw std::exception( "Error opening stream" );
    }

    width = ReadInt( stream );
    height = ReadInt( stream );

    distances = new double *[width];

    for( int i = 0; i < width; i++ ) {
        distances[i] = new double[height];
    }

    for( int x = 0; x < width; x++ ) {
        for( int y = 0; y < height; y++ ) {
            distances[x][y] = ReadDouble( stream );
        }
    }

    stream.close();
}

void RunSaveTest()
{
    width = 15;
    height = 15;

    distances = new double *[width];

    for( int i = 0; i < width; i++ ) {
        distances[i] = new double[height];
    }

    for( int x = 0; x < width; x++ ) {
        for( int y = 0; y < height; y++ ) {
            distances[x][y] = (double)x / (double)( y + 1 );
            std::cout << distances[x][y] << std::endl;
        }
    }

    Save();
}

void RunLoadTest()
{
    Load();

    for( int x = 0; x < width; x++ ) {
        for( int y = 0; y < height; y++ ) {
            std::cout << distances[x][y] << std::endl;
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    RunSaveTest();
    // RunLoadTest();

    return 0;
}

回答by xuhdev

Reference from my blog: http://www.topbug.net/blog/2013/01/10/load-a-matrix-from-an-ascii-format-file/

参考我的博客：http: //www.topbug.ne​​t/blog/2013/01/10/load-a-matrix-from-an-ascii-format-file/

This code snippet has higher fault tolerance instead of assuming everything is well formatted.

此代码片段具有更高的容错性，而不是假设一切都格式正确。

#include <istream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>

// load matrix from an ascii text file.
void load_matrix(std::istream* is,
        std::vector< std::vector<double> >* matrix,
        const std::string& delim = " \t")
{
    using namespace std;

    string      line;
    string      strnum;

    // clear first
    matrix->clear();

    // parse line by line
    while (getline(*is, line))
    {
        matrix->push_back(vector<double>());

        for (string::const_iterator i = line.begin(); i != line.end(); ++ i)
        {
            // If i is not a delim, then append it to strnum
            if (delim.find(*i) == string::npos)
            {
                strnum += *i;
                if (i + 1 != line.end()) // If it's the last char, do not continue
                    continue;
            }

            // if strnum is still empty, it means the previous char is also a
            // delim (several delims appear together). Ignore this char.
            if (strnum.empty())
                continue;

            // If we reach here, we got a number. Convert it to double.
            double       number;

            istringstream(strnum) >> number;
            matrix->back().push_back(number);

            strnum.clear();
        }
    }
}

// example
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    using namespace std;

    // read the file
    std::ifstream is("input.txt");

    // load the matrix
    std::vector< std::vector<double> > matrix;
    load_matrix(&is, &matrix);

    // print out the matrix
    cout << "The matrix is:" << endl;
    for (std::vector< std::vector<double> >::const_iterator it = matrix.begin(); it != matrix.end(); ++ it)
    {
        for (std::vector<double>::const_iterator itit = it->begin(); itit != it->end(); ++ itit)
            cout << *itit << '\t';

        cout << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}