Linux：在默认浏览器中打开 URL 的命令
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Linux: command to open URL in default browser
提问by Mot
What command we have to execute (from Java, but that should not matter) on Linux (different common distributions) to open a given URL in the default browser?
我们必须在 Linux（不同的常见发行版）上执行什么命令（来自 Java，但这应该无关紧要）才能在默认浏览器中打开给定的 URL？
采纳答案by shellholic
The most cross-distribution one is xdg-open http://stackoverflow.com
最交叉分布的一种是 xdg-open http://stackoverflow.com
回答by krtek
At least on Debian and all its derivatives, there is a 'sensible-browser' shell script which choose the browser best suited for the given url.
至少在 Debian 及其所有衍生产品上，有一个“明智的浏览器”shell 脚本，可以选择最适合给定 url 的浏览器。
回答by Daniel Winterstein
In Java (version 6+), you can also do:
在 Java（版本 6+）中，您还可以执行以下操作：
Desktop d = Desktop.getDesktop();
d.browse(uri);
Though this won't work on all Linuxes. At the time of writing, Gnome is supported, KDE isn't.
尽管这不适用于所有 Linux。在撰写本文时，支持 Gnome，不支持 KDE。
回答by Daniel Winterstein
on ubuntu you can try gnome-open.
在 ubuntu 上你可以试试 gnome-open。
$ gnome-open http://www.google.com
$ gnome-open http://www.google.com
回答by alexsb
回答by Roman A. Taycher
I think using xdg-open http://example.comis probably the best choice.
我认为使用xdg-open http://example.com可能是最好的选择。
In case they don't have it installed I suppose they might have just kde-openor gnome-open(both of which take a single file/url) or some other workaround such as looping over common browser executable names until you find one which can be executed(using which). If you want a full list of workarounds/fallbacks I suggest reading xdg-open(it's a shell script which calls out to kde-open/gnome-open/etc. or some other fallback).
如果他们没有安装它，我想他们可能只有kde-open或gnome-open（两者都采用单个文件/url）或其他一些解决方法，例如循环浏览常见的浏览器可执行文件名称，直到找到可以执行的名称（使用 which ）。如果你想要一个完整的变通方法/回退列表，我建议阅读 xdg-open（它是一个调用 kde-open/gnome-open/etc. 或其他一些回退的 shell 脚本）。
But since xdg-open and xdg-mime(used for one of the fallbacks,) are shell scripts I'd recommend including them in your application and if calling which xdg-openfails add them to temporary PATH variable in your subprograms environment and call out to them. If xdg-open fails, I'd recommend throwing an Exception with an error message from what it output on stderr and catching the exception and printing/displaying the error message.
但是由于 xdg-open 和 xdg-mime（用于后备之一）是 shell 脚本，我建议将它们包含在您的应用程序中，如果调用which xdg-open失败，请将它们添加到子程序环境中的临时 PATH 变量中并调用它们。如果 xdg-open 失败，我建议从它在 stderr 上输出的内容中抛出一个带有错误消息的异常，并捕获异常并打印/显示错误消息。
I would ignore the java awt Desktop solution as the bug seems to indicate they don't plan on supporting non-gnome desktops anytime soon.
我会忽略 java awt 桌面解决方案，因为该错误似乎表明他们不打算在短期内支持非 gnome 桌面。
回答by JimmyLandStudios
###1 Desktop's -or- Console use:
sensible-browser $URL; # Opinion: best. Target preferred APP.
# My-Server translates to: w3m [options] [URL or filename]
## [ -z "$BROWSER" ] && echo "Empty"
# Then, Set the BROWSER environment variable to your desired browser.
###2 Alternative
# Desktop (if [command-not-found] out-Dated)
x-www-browser http://tv.jimmylandstudios.xyz # firefox
###3 !- A Must Know -!
# Desktop (/usr/share/applications/*.desktop)
xdg-open $URI # opens about anything on Linux (w/ .desktop file)
回答by Kevin Grant
I believe the simplest method would be to use Python:
我相信最简单的方法是使用 Python：
python -m webbrowser "http://www.example.com/"
回答by Anand Varma
On distributions that come with the open command,
在带有 open 命令的发行版上，
$ open http://www.google.com
回答by Kshitiz Sharma
For opening a URL in the browser through the terminal, CentOS 7 users can use gio open command. For example, if you want to open google.com then gio open https://www.google.comwill open google.com URL in the browser.
对于通过终端在浏览器中打开 URL，CentOS 7 用户可以使用 gio open 命令。例如，如果您想打开 google.com，则将gio open https://www.google.com在浏览器中打开 google.com URL。
xdg-open https://www.google.comwill also work but this tool has been deprecated, Use gio openinstead. I prefer this as this is the easiest way to open a URL using a command from the terminal.
xdg-open https://www.google.com也可以使用，但此工具已被弃用，请gio open改用。我更喜欢这个，因为这是使用终端命令打开 URL 的最简单方法。
