C++ g++ 和 gcc 有什么区别？

Question

提问by Brian R. Bondy

What is the difference between g++ and gcc? Which one of them should be used for general c++ development?

g++ 和 gcc 有什么区别？其中哪一个应该用于一般的 C++ 开发？

Answer 1

采纳答案by Brian R. Bondy

gccand g++are compiler-drivers of the GNU Compiler Collection(which was once upon a time just the GNU C Compiler).

gcc并且g++是 GNU Compiler Collection（从前只是 GNU C Compiler）的编译器驱动程序。

Even though they automatically determine which backends (cc1cc1plus...) to call depending on the file-type, unless overridden with -x language, they have some differences.

尽管它们会cc1cc1plus根据文件类型自动确定要调用的后端 ( ...)，但除非被覆盖，否则-x language它们还是存在一些差异。

The probably most important difference in their defaults is which libraries they link against automatically.

它们的默认值可能最重要的区别是它们自动链接到哪些库。

According to GCC's online documentation link optionsand how g++ is invoked, g++is equivalent to gcc -xc++ -lstdc++ -shared-libgcc(the 1st is a compiler option, the 2nd two are linker options). This can be checked by running both with the -voption (it displays the backend toolchain commands being run).

根据 GCC 的在线文档链接选项和如何调用 g++，g++相当于gcc -xc++ -lstdc++ -shared-libgcc（第一个是编译器选项，第二个是链接器选项）。这可以通过使用-v选项运行两者来检查（它显示正在运行的后端工具链命令）。

Answer 2

回答by Martin York

GCC: GNU Compiler Collection

GCC：GNU 编译器集合

Referrers to all the different languages that are supported by the GNU compiler.

引用 GNU 编译器支持的所有不同语言。

gcc: GNU C Compiler
g++: GNU C++ Compiler

gcc：GNU C 编译器
g++：GNU C++ 编译器

The main differences:

主要区别：

gcc will compile: *.c/*.cpp files as C and C++ respectively.
g++ will compile: *.c/*.cpp files but they will all be treated as C++ files.
Also if you use g++ to link the object files it automatically links in the std C++ libraries (gcc does not do this).
gcc compiling C files has fewer predefined macros.
gcc compiling *.cpp and g++ compiling *.c/*.cpp files has a few extra macros.

gcc 将编译： *.c/*.cpp 文件分别为 C 和 C++。
g++ 将编译： *.c/*.cpp 文件，但它们都将被视为 C++ 文件。
此外，如果您使用 g++ 链接目标文件，它会自动链接到 std C++ 库中（gcc 不会这样做）。
gcc 编译 C 文件具有较少的预定义宏。
gcc 编译 *.cpp 和 g++ 编译 *.c/*.cpp 文件有一些额外的宏。

Extra Macros when compiling *.cpp files:

编译 *.cpp 文件时的额外宏：

#define __GXX_WEAK__ 1
#define __cplusplus 1
#define __DEPRECATED 1
#define __GNUG__ 4
#define __EXCEPTIONS 1
#define __private_extern__ extern

Answer 3

回答by Nils Pipenbrinck

For c++ you should use g++.

对于 c++，你应该使用 g++。

It's the same compiler (e.g. the GNU compiler collection). GCC or G++ just choose a different front-end with different default options.

它是相同的编译器（例如 GNU 编译器集合）。GCC 或 G++ 只需选择具有不同默认选项的不同前端即可。

In a nutshell: if you use g++ the frontend will tell the linker that you may want to link with the C++ standard libraries. The gcc frontend won't do that (also it could link with them if you pass the right command line options).

简而言之：如果您使用 g++，前端会告诉链接器您可能想要链接 C++ 标准库。gcc 前端不会这样做（如果您传递正确的命令行选项，它也可以与它们链接）。

Answer 4

回答by l --marc l

What is the difference between g++and gcc?

g++和和有gcc什么区别？

gcchas evolved from a single language "GNU C Compiler" to be a multi-language "GNU Compiler Collection". The term "GNU C Compiler" is still used sometimes in the context of C programming.

gcc已经从单一语言“GNU C Compiler”演变为多语言“GNU Compiler Collection”。术语“GNU C 编译器”有时仍用于 C 编程的上下文中。

The g++isthe C++ compiler for the GNU Compiler Collection. Like gnatis the Ada compiler for gcc. see Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)

该g++是对GNU编译器的C ++编译器。就像gnat是艾达编译器gcc。请参阅使用 GNU 编译器集合 (GCC)

For example, the Ubuntu 16.04 and 18.04 man g++command returns the GCC(1)manual page.

例如，Ubuntu 16.04 和 18.04man g++命令返回GCC(1)手册页。

The Ubuntu 16.04 and 18.04 man gccstates that ...

Ubuntu 16.04 和 18.04man gcc声明......

g++accepts mostly the same options as gcc

g++接受大部分相同的选项 gcc

and that the default ...

并且默认...

... use of gccdoes not add the C++ library. g++is a program that calls GCC and automatically specifies linking against the C++ library. It treats .c, .h and .i files as C++ source files instead of C source files unless -x is used. This program is also useful when precompiling a C header file with a .h extension for use in C++ compilations.

... 使用gcc不添加 C++ 库。 g++是一个调用 GCC 并自动指定针对 C++ 库的链接的程序。除非使用 -x，否则它将 .c、.h 和 .i 文件视为 C++ 源文件而不是 C 源文件。该程序在预编译带有 .h 扩展名的 C 头文件以用于 C++ 编译时也很有用。

Search the gccman pages for more details on the option variances between gccand g++.

搜索gcc手册页以获取有关gcc和之间选项差异的更多详细信息g++。

Which one should be used for general c++ development?

一般的c++开发应该使用哪一个？

Technically, either gccor g++can be used for general C++ development with applicable option settings. However, the g++default behavior is naturally aligned to a C++ development.

从技术上讲，gcc或者g++可以用于具有适用选项设置的一般 C++ 开发。但是，g++默认行为自然与 C++ 开发保持一致。

The Ubuntu 18.04 man pageadded the following paragraph:

在Ubuntu的18.04手册页添加了以下段落：

The usual way to run GCC is to run the executable called gcc, or machine-gccwhen cross-compiling, or machine-gcc-versionto run a specific version of GCC. When you compile C++ programs, you should invoke GCC as g++instead.

运行 GCC 的常用方法是运行名为的可执行文件gcc，或者machine-gcc在交叉编译时machine-gcc-version运行，或者运行特定版本的 GCC。 当你编译 C++ 程序时，你应该调用 GCC 作为g++替代。

Answer 5

回答by njsf

One notable difference is that if you pass a .cfile to gcc it will compile as C.

一个显着的区别是，如果您将.c文件传递给 gcc，它将编译为 C。

The default behavior of g++ is to treat .cfiles as C++ (unless -x cis specified).

g++ 的默认行为是将.c文件视为 C++（除非-x c指定）。

Answer 6

回答by zaphod

Although the gcc and g++ commands do very similar things, g++ is designed to be the command you'd invoke to compile a C++ program; it's intended to automatically do the right thing.

尽管 gcc 和 g++ 命令做的事情非常相似，但 g++ 被设计为你用来编译 C++ 程序的命令；它旨在自动做正确的事情。

Behind the scenes, they're really the same program. As I understand, both decide whether to compile a program as C or as C++ based on the filename extension. Both are capable of linking against the C++ standard library, but only g++ does this by default. So if you have a program written in C++ that doesn't happen to need to link against the standard library, gcc will happen to do the right thing; but then, so would g++. So there's really no reason not to use g++ for general C++ development.

在幕后，它们实际上是同一个程序。据我了解，两者都根据文件扩展名决定是将程序编译为 C 还是 C++。两者都能够链接到 C++ 标准库，但默认情况下只有 g++ 这样做。因此，如果您有一个用 C++ 编写的程序，并且碰巧不需要链接标准库，那么 gcc 会做正确的事情；但是，g++ 也是如此。所以真的没有理由不使用 g++ 进行一般的 C++ 开发。

Answer 7

回答by bruziuz

I became interested in the issue and perform some experiments

我对这个问题感兴趣并进行了一些实验

I found that description here, but it is very short.

Then I tried to experiment with gcc.exe and g++.exe on my windows machine:

$ g++ --version | head -n1 
g++.exe (gcc-4.6.3 release with patches [build 20121012 by perlmingw.sf.net]) 4.6.3

$ gcc --version | head -n1
gcc.exe (gcc-4.6.3 release with patches [build 20121012 by perlmingw.sf.net]) 4.6.3

I tried to compile c89, c99, and c++1998 simple test files and It's work well for me with correct extensions matching for language
```
gcc -std=c99 test_c99.c
gcc -std=c89 test_c89.c 
g++ -std=c++98 test_cpp.cpp
gcc -std=c++98 test_cpp.cpp
```

But when I try to run "gnu compiler collection" tool in that fashion:

$ gcc -std=c++98 test_cpp.c
cc1.exe: warning: command line option '-std=c++98' is valid for C++/ObjC++ but not for C [enabled by default]

But this one still work with no errors
```
$ gcc -x c++ -std=c++98 test_cpp.c
```
And this also
```
$ g++ -std=c++0x test_cpp_11.cpp 
```

我在这里找到了那个描述，但它很短。

然后我尝试在我的 Windows 机器上尝试 gcc.exe 和 g++.exe：

$ g++ --version | head -n1 
g++.exe (gcc-4.6.3 release with patches [build 20121012 by perlmingw.sf.net]) 4.6.3

$ gcc --version | head -n1
gcc.exe (gcc-4.6.3 release with patches [build 20121012 by perlmingw.sf.net]) 4.6.3

我试图编译 c89、c99 和 c++1998 简单的测试文件，它对我来说工作得很好，具有与语言匹配的正确扩展名
```
gcc -std=c99 test_c99.c
gcc -std=c89 test_c89.c 
g++ -std=c++98 test_cpp.cpp
gcc -std=c++98 test_cpp.cpp
```

但是当我尝试以这种方式运行“gnu 编译器集合”工具时：

$ gcc -std=c++98 test_cpp.c
cc1.exe: warning: command line option '-std=c++98' is valid for C++/ObjC++ but not for C [enabled by default]

但是这个仍然没有错误
```
$ gcc -x c++ -std=c++98 test_cpp.c
```
而这也
```
$ g++ -std=c++0x test_cpp_11.cpp 
```

p.s. Test files

ps 测试文件

$ cat test_c89.c test_c99.c test_cpp.cpp

// C89 compatible file
int main()
{
    int x[] = {0, 2};
    return sizeof(x);
}

// C99 compatible file
int main()
{
    int x[] = {[1]=2};
    return sizeof(x);
}

// C++1998,2003 compatible file
class X{};
int main()
{
    X x;
    return sizeof(x);
}

// C++11
#include <vector>
enum class Color : int{red,green,blue}; // scoped enum
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> a {1,2,3}; // bracket initialization
    return 0;
}

Findings:

发现：

If look at process tree then it seems that gcc, and g++ is backend to other tools, which in my environment are: cc1plus.exe, cc1.exe, collect2.exe, as.exe, ld.exe
gcc works fine as metatool for if you have correct extension or set correct -std -x flags. See this

如果查看进程树，那么 gcc 和 g++ 似乎是其他工具的后端，在我的环境中是：cc1plus.exe、cc1.exe、collect2.exe、as.exe、ld.exe
如果您有正确的扩展名或设置正确的 -std -x 标志，gcc 可以作为元工具正常工作。看到这个

Answer 8

回答by Minh-Triet Pham Tran

“GCC” is a common shorthand term for the GNU Compiler Collection. This is both the most general name for the compiler, and the name used when the emphasis is on compiling C programs (as the abbreviation formerly stood for “GNU C Compiler”).

“GCC”是 GNU Compiler Collection 的常用简写术语。这既是编译器最通用的名称，也是在强调编译 C 程序时使用的名称（作为以前代表“GNU C 编译器”的缩写）。

When referring to C++ compilation, it is usual to call the compiler “G++”. Since there is only one compiler, it is also accurate to call it “GCC” no matter what the language context; however, the term “G++” is more useful when the emphasis is on compiling C++ programs.

在提到 C++ 编译时，通常将编译器称为“G++”。由于只有一个编译器，所以无论什么语言上下文，称之为“GCC”也是准确的；然而，当重点是编译 C++ 程序时，术语“G++”更有用。

You could read more here.

你可以在这里阅读更多。

Answer 9

回答by magicmax

I was testing gcc and g++ in a linux system. By using MAKEFILE, I can define the compliler used by "GNU make". I tested with the so called "dynamic memory" locating feature of "C plus plus" by :

我在 linux 系统中测试 gcc 和 g++。通过使用 MAKEFILE，我可以定义“GNU make”使用的编译器。我使用“C plus plus”的所谓“动态内存”定位功能进行了测试：

int main(){

int * myptr = new int;
* myptr = 1;
printf("myptr[0] is %i\n",*myptr);
return 0;
}

Only g++ can successfully compile on my computer while gcc will report error

在我的电脑上只有g++可以成功编译，而gcc会报错

undefined reference to `operator new(unsigned long)'

So my own conclusion is gcc does not fully support "C plus plus". It seems that choosing g++ for C++ source files is a better option.

所以我自己的结论是gcc不完全支持“C plus plus”。似乎为 C++ 源文件选择 g++ 是一个更好的选择。

Answer 10

回答by Marcus Thornton

gcc and g ++ are both GNU compiler. They both compile c and c++. The difference is for *.c files gcc treats it as a c program, and g++ sees it as a c ++ program. *.cpp files are considered to be c ++ programs. c++ is a super set of c and the syntax is more strict, so be careful about the suffix.

gcc 和 g++ 都是 GNU 编译器。它们都编译 c 和 c++。不同之处在于，对于*.c 文件，gcc 将其视为 ac 程序，而 g++ 将其视为 ac ++ 程序。*.cpp 文件被认为是 c ++ 程序。c++是c的超集，语法更严格，要注意后缀。

C++ g++ 和 gcc 有什么区别？

提问by Brian R. Bondy

采纳答案by Brian R. Bondy

回答by Martin York

回答by Nils Pipenbrinck

回答by l --marc l

回答by njsf

回答by zaphod

回答by bruziuz

回答by Minh-Triet Pham Tran

回答by magicmax

回答by Marcus Thornton

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C++ g++ 和 gcc 有什么区别？

提问by Brian R. Bondy

采纳答案by Brian R. Bondy

回答by Martin York

回答by Nils Pipenbrinck

回答by l --marc l

回答by njsf

回答by zaphod

回答by bruziuz

回答by Minh-Triet Pham Tran

回答by magicmax

回答by Marcus Thornton

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