Javascript Node.js 中的安全随机令牌
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Secure random token in Node.js
提问by Hubert OG
In this questionErik needs to generate a secure random token in Node.js. There's the method crypto.randomBytesthat generates a random Buffer. However, the base64 encoding in node is not url-safe, it includes /and +instead of -and _. Therefore, the easiest way to generate such token I've found is
在这个问题中，Erik 需要在 Node.js 中生成一个安全的随机令牌。有一种crypto.randomBytes生成随机缓冲区的方法。但是，node 中的 base64 编码不是 url-safe，它包含/and+而不是-and _。因此，我发现生成此类令牌的最简单方法是
require('crypto').randomBytes(48, function(ex, buf) {
token = buf.toString('base64').replace(/\//g,'_').replace(/\+/g,'-');
});
Is there a more elegant way?
有没有更优雅的方式？
回答by thejh
Try crypto.randomBytes():
require('crypto').randomBytes(48, function(err, buffer) {
var token = buffer.toString('hex');
});
The 'hex' encoding works in node v0.6.x or newer.
“十六进制”编码适用于节点 v0.6.x 或更新版本。
回答by phoenix2010
Synchronous option in-case if you are not a JS expert like me. Had to spend some time on how to access the inline function variable
如果您不是像我这样的 JS 专家，则可以使用同步选项。不得不花一些时间在如何访问内联函数变量上
var token = crypto.randomBytes(64).toString('hex');
回答by Yves M.
0. Using nanoid third party library [NEW!]
0.使用nanoid第三方库[新！]
A tiny, secure, URL-friendly, unique string ID generator for JavaScript
一个小巧的、安全的、URL 友好的、独特的 JavaScript 字符串 ID 生成器
import { nanoid } from "nanoid";
const id = nanoid(48);
1. Base 64 Encoding with URL and Filename Safe Alphabet
1. 带有 URL 和文件名安全字母表的 Base 64 编码
Page 7 of RCF 4648describes how to encode in base 64 with URL safety. You can use an existing library like base64urlto do the job.
RCF 4648 的第 7 页描述了如何在具有 URL 安全性的 base 64 中进行编码。您可以使用像base64url这样的现有库来完成这项工作。
The function will be:
该功能将是：
var crypto = require('crypto');
var base64url = require('base64url');
/** Sync */
function randomStringAsBase64Url(size) {
return base64url(crypto.randomBytes(size));
}
Usage example:
用法示例：
randomStringAsBase64Url(20);
// Returns 'AXSGpLVjne_f7w5Xg-fWdoBwbfs' which is 27 characters length.
Note that the returned string length will not match with the size argument (size != final length).
请注意，返回的字符串长度将与大小参数不匹配（大小！= 最终长度）。
2. Crypto random values from limited set of characters
2. 来自有限字符集的加密随机值
Beware that with this solution the generated random string is not uniformly distributed.
请注意，使用此解决方案生成的随机字符串不是均匀分布的。
You can also build a strong random string from a limited set of characters like that:
您还可以从一组有限的字符中构建一个强大的随机字符串，如下所示：
var crypto = require('crypto');
/** Sync */
function randomString(length, chars) {
if (!chars) {
throw new Error('Argument \'chars\' is undefined');
}
var charsLength = chars.length;
if (charsLength > 256) {
throw new Error('Argument \'chars\' should not have more than 256 characters'
+ ', otherwise unpredictability will be broken');
}
var randomBytes = crypto.randomBytes(length);
var result = new Array(length);
var cursor = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
cursor += randomBytes[i];
result[i] = chars[cursor % charsLength];
}
return result.join('');
}
/** Sync */
function randomAsciiString(length) {
return randomString(length,
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789');
}
Usage example:
用法示例：
randomAsciiString(20);
// Returns 'rmRptK5niTSey7NlDk5y' which is 20 characters length.
randomString(20, 'ABCDEFG');
// Returns 'CCBAAGDGBBEGBDBECDCE' which is 20 characters length.
回答by real_ate
The up-to-date right wayto do this asynchronously using ES 2016 standards of async and await (as of Node 7) would be the following:
使用 ES 2016 标准的 async 和 await（从 Node 7 开始）异步执行此操作的最新正确方法如下：
const crypto = require('crypto');
function generateToken({ stringBase = 'base64', byteLength = 48 } = {}) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
crypto.randomBytes(byteLength, (err, buffer) => {
if (err) {
reject(err);
} else {
resolve(buffer.toString(stringBase));
}
});
});
}
async function handler(req, res) {
// default token length
const newToken = await generateToken();
console.log('newToken', newToken);
// pass in parameters - adjust byte length
const shortToken = await generateToken({byteLength: 20});
console.log('newToken', shortToken);
}
This works out of the box in Node 7 without any Babel transformations
这在 Node 7 中开箱即用，无需任何 Babel 转换
回答by Kedem
Random URL and filename string safe (1 liner)
随机 URL 和文件名字符串安全（1 行）
Crypto.randomBytes(48).toString('base64').replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '_').replace(/\=/g, '');
回答by Znarkus
With async/await and promisification.
使用 async/await 和promisification。
const crypto = require('crypto')
const randomBytes = Util.promisify(crypto.randomBytes)
const plain = (await randomBytes(24)).toString('base64').replace(/\W/g, '')
Generates something similar to VjocVHdFiz5vGHnlnwqJKN0NdeHcz8eM
产生类似的东西 VjocVHdFiz5vGHnlnwqJKN0NdeHcz8eM
回答by sudam
Check out:
查看：
var crypto = require('crypto');
crypto.randomBytes(Math.ceil(length/2)).toString('hex').slice(0,length);
回答by Karl Morrison
Look at real_atesES2016 way, it's more correct.
看看real_atesES2016 的方式，更正确。
ECMAScript 2016 (ES7) way
import crypto from 'crypto';
function spawnTokenBuf() {
return function(callback) {
crypto.randomBytes(48, callback);
};
}
async function() {
console.log((await spawnTokenBuf()).toString('base64'));
};
ECMAScript 2016 (ES7) 方式
import crypto from 'crypto';
function spawnTokenBuf() {
return function(callback) {
crypto.randomBytes(48, callback);
};
}
async function() {
console.log((await spawnTokenBuf()).toString('base64'));
};
Generator/Yield Way
发电机/屈服方式
var crypto = require('crypto');
var co = require('co');
function spawnTokenBuf() {
return function(callback) {
crypto.randomBytes(48, callback);
};
}
co(function* () {
console.log((yield spawnTokenBuf()).toString('base64'));
});
回答by aleung
The npm module anyidprovides flexible API to generate various kinds of string ID / code.
npm 模块anyid提供了灵活的 API 来生成各种字符串 ID/代码。
To generate random string in A-Za-z0-9 using 48 random bytes:
使用 48 个随机字节在 A-Za-z0-9 中生成随机字符串：
const id = anyid().encode('Aa0').bits(48 * 8).random().id();
// G4NtiI9OYbSgVl3EAkkoxHKyxBAWzcTI7aH13yIUNggIaNqPQoSS7SpcalIqX0qGZ
To generate fixed length alphabet only string filled by random bytes:
要生成由随机字节填充的仅固定长度字母的字符串：
const id = anyid().encode('Aa').length(20).random().id();
// qgQBBtDwGMuFHXeoVLpt
Internally it uses crypto.randomBytes()to generate random.
在内部，它用于crypto.randomBytes()生成随机数。
回答by jsonmaur
https://www.npmjs.com/package/crypto-extrahas a method for it :)
https://www.npmjs.com/package/crypto-extra有一个方法:)
var value = crypto.random(/* desired length */)
