Python 在 Jinja2 模板中使用 utf-8 字符
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Using utf-8 characters in a Jinja2 template
提问by alex.ac
I'm trying to use utf-8 characters when rendering a template with Jinja2. Here is how my template looks like:
我在使用 Jinja2 渲染模板时尝试使用 utf-8 字符。这是我的模板的样子：
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html manifest="" lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>{{title}}</title>
...
The title variable is set something like this:
标题变量设置如下：
index_variables = {'title':''}
index_variables['title'] = myvar.encode("utf8")
template = env.get_template('index.html')
index_file = open(preview_root + "/" + "index.html", "w")
index_file.write(
template.render(index_variables)
)
index_file.close()
Now, the problem is that myvaris a message read from a message queue and can contain those special utf8 characters (ex. "Séptimo Cine").
现在，问题是myvar是从消息队列中读取的消息，并且可以包含那些特殊的 utf8 字符（例如“Séptimo Cine”）。
The rendered template looks something like:
渲染的模板看起来像：
...
<title>S\u00e9ptimo Cine</title>
...
and I want it to be:
我希望它是：
...
<title>Séptimo Cine</title>
...
I have made several tests but I can't get this to work.
我已经做了几次测试，但我无法让它工作。
I have tried to set the title variable without .encode("utf8"), but it throws an exception (ValueError: Expected a bytes object, not a unicode object), so my guess is that the initial message is unicode
I have used chardet.detectto get the encoding of the message (it's "ascii"), then did the following: myvar.decode("ascii").encode("cp852"), but the title is still not rendered correctly.
I also made sure that my template is a UTF-8 file, but it didn't make a difference.
我试图在没有.encode("utf8") 的情况下设置 title 变量，但它抛出一个异常（ValueError: Expected a bytes object, not a unicode object），所以我的猜测是初始消息是 unicode
我已经使用chardet.detect获取消息的编码（它是“ascii”），然后执行以下操作：myvar.decode(“ascii”).encode(“cp852”)，但标题仍未正确呈现。
我还确保我的模板是一个 UTF-8 文件，但它没有任何区别。
Any ideas on how to do this?
关于如何做到这一点的任何想法？
采纳答案by Lukas Graf
TL;DR:
特尔；博士：
- Pass Unicodeto
template.render() - Encode the rendered unicode result to a bytestring before writing it to a file
- 将 Unicode 传递给
template.render() - 在将呈现的 unicode 结果写入文件之前将其编码为字节串
This had me puzzled for a while. Because you do
这让我困惑了一段时间。因为你做
index_file.write(
template.render(index_variables)
)
in one statement, that's basically just one line where Python is concerned, so the traceback you get is misleading: The exception I got when recreating your test case didn't happen in template.render(index_variables), but in index_file.write()instead. So splitting the code up like this
在一个声明中，这基本上只是与 Python 相关的一行，因此您得到的回溯具有误导性：我在重新创建测试用例时遇到的异常没有发生在 中template.render(index_variables)，而是发生在index_file.write(). 所以像这样拆分代码
output = template.render(index_variables)
index_file.write(output)
was the first step to diagnose where exactly the UnicodeEncodeErrorhappens.
是诊断确切UnicodeEncodeError发生位置的第一步。
Jinja returns unicode whet you let it render the template. Therefore you need to encode the result to a bytestring before you can write it to a file:
Jinja 返回 unicode，你让它呈现模板。因此，您需要将结果编码为字节串，然后才能将其写入文件：
index_file.write(output.encode('utf-8'))
The second error is that you pass in an utf-8encoded bytestring to template.render()- Jinja wants unicode. So assuming your myvarcontains UTF-8, you need to decode it to unicode first:
第二个错误是，你在通过utf-8编码字节串到template.render()-金贾要统一。因此，假设您myvar包含 UTF-8，您需要先将其解码为 unicode：
index_variables['title'] = myvar.decode('utf-8')
So, to put it all together, this works for me:
所以，把它们放在一起，这对我有用：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from jinja2 import Environment, PackageLoader
env = Environment(loader=PackageLoader('myproject', 'templates'))
# Make sure we start with an utf-8 encoded bytestring
myvar = 'Séptimo Cine'
index_variables = {'title':''}
# Decode the UTF-8 string to get unicode
index_variables['title'] = myvar.decode('utf-8')
template = env.get_template('index.html')
with open("index_file.html", "w") as index_file:
output = template.render(index_variables)
# jinja returns unicode - so `output` needs to be encoded to a bytestring
# before writing it to a file
index_file.write(output.encode('utf-8'))
回答by Andrew Kloos
Try changing your render command to this...
尝试将渲染命令更改为此...
template.render(index_variables).encode( "utf-8" )
Jinja2's documentation says "This will return the rendered template as unicode string."
Jinja2 的文档说“这会将呈现的模板作为 unicode 字符串返回。”
http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/api/?highlight=render#jinja2.Template.render
http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/api/?highlight=render#jinja2.Template.render
Hope this helps!
希望这可以帮助！
回答by alfonso olivas
And if nothing works because you have a mix of languages -like in my case-, just replace "utf-8" for "utf-16"
如果没有任何效果，因为您有多种语言 - 就像在我的情况下一样 - 只需将“utf-8”替换为“utf-16”
All the encoding options here:
这里的所有编码选项：
回答by asmaier
Add the following lines to the beginning of your script and it will work fine without any further changes:
将以下行添加到脚本的开头，无需任何进一步更改即可正常工作：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
