git config 中的 Shell 变量扩展

Shell variable expansion in git config

提问by SvenK

I have a shell variable which points to the directory where all my configuration files are located. Let's assume the variable is created with export RC=$HOME/rc. I have a global ignore file in the configuration directory: ~/rc/globalgitignore.

我有一个 shell 变量，它指向我所有配置文件所在的目录。让我们假设变量是用export RC=$HOME/rc. 我在配置目录中有一个全局忽略文件：~/rc/globalgitignore.

My Question is, how can I expand the RCvariable in my .gitconfigfile?

我的问题是，如何扩展文件中的RC变量.gitconfig？

I already tried the following:

我已经尝试了以下方法：

• excludesfile = $RC/globalgitignore

• excludesfile = !$RC/globalgitignore

• excludesfile = !echo $RC/globalgitignore

• excludesfile = !$(echo $RC/globalgitignore)

• excludesfile = $RC/globalgitignore

• excludesfile = !$RC/globalgitignore

• excludesfile = !echo $RC/globalgitignore

• excludesfile = !$(echo $RC/globalgitignore)

None of these solutions work.

这些解决方案都不起作用。

The only way this works if I enter the full path: excludesfile = ~/rc/globalgitignore, but then I have to change the path if move my rcdirectory to a different location.

如果我输入完整路径excludesfile = ~/rc/globalgitignore，这是唯一有效的方法：，但是如果将我的rc目录移动到不同的位置，我必须更改路径。

采纳答案by lunaryorn

You can't. git-config(1)does not support environment variable expansion, but only limited type conversion and path expansion:

你不能。git-config(1)不支持环境变量扩展，只支持有限的类型转换和路径扩展：

The type specifier can be either --int or --bool, to make git config ensure that the variable(s) are of the given type and convert the value to the canonical form (simple decimal number for int, a "true" or "false" string for bool), or --path, which does some path expansion(see --path below). If no type specifieris passed, no checks or transformationsare performed on the value.

类型说明符可以是 --int 或 --bool，以使 git config 确保变量属于给定类型并将值转换为规范形式（int 的简单十进制数，“true”或bool 的 "false" 字符串) 或 --path，它会进行一些路径扩展（请参阅下面的 --path）。如果未传递类型说明符，则不会对该值执行任何检查或转换。

The documentation for --pathstates:

--path状态的文档：

--path

git-config will expand leading ~ to the value of $HOME, and ~user to the home directory for the specified user. This option has no effect when setting the value (but you can use git config bla ~/ from the command line to let your shell do the expansion).

- 小路

git-config 将扩展前导 ~ 到 $HOME 的值，并将 ~user 扩展到指定用户的主目录。此选项在设置值时无效（但您可以从命令行使用 git config bla ~/ 来让您的 shell 进行扩展）。

The term "expansion" does not appear in any different context in git-config(1). So how did you even get the idea that it should, given that no such feature is documented anywhere?

术语“扩展”没有出现在git-config(1). 那么，鉴于没有任何地方记录此类功能，您是如何想到它应该这样做的呢？

In order to expand environment variables you have to pre-process the Git config file yourself, i.e. by creating a template file, and expand variables with a script before copying the file to your $HOMEdirectory.

为了扩展环境变量，您必须自己预处理 Git 配置文件，即通过创建模板文件，并在将文件复制到您的$HOME目录之前使用脚本扩展变量。

If it's about dotfile management, then do, what all people do: Put them in a directory, and add symlinks to this directory from your $HOME.

如果是关于 dotfile 管理，那么做所有人都做的事情：将它们放在一个目录中，然后将符号链接从您的$HOME.

回答by gospes

I use bash scripts in my config to enable variable expansion. Just export the variable you need in your .bashrc and use it in the scripts:

我在我的配置中使用 bash 脚本来启用变量扩展。只需在 .bashrc 中导出您需要的变量并在脚本中使用它：

In my ~/.bashrc:

在我的 ~/.bashrc 中：

export TESTVARIABLE="hello"

In my ~/.gitconfig:

在我的 ~/.gitconfig 中：

[alias]
    test = !bash -c '"echo \"Value: $TESTVARIABLE\";"'

At my bash prompt:

在我的 bash 提示符下：

bash> git test
    Value: hello 

---

---

The other way of doing it, is to add a git config command in your shell's rc. I for instance have in my .bashrc:

另一种方法是在你的 shell 的 rc 中添加一个 git config 命令。例如，我的 .bashrc 中有：

git config --global user.name "$USER@$HOSTNAME"

I have the same configuration on all my machines, and by adding this I can distinguish between commits from different machines. You could do the same and add to your shell rc:

我在所有机器上都有相同的配置，通过添加它，我可以区分来自不同机器的提交。你可以做同样的事情并添加到你的 shell rc：

export RC="$HOME/rc"
git config --global core.excludesfile "$RC/globalgitignore"