C语言 对非阻塞套接字使用 select()
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原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6715736/
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Using select() for non-blocking sockets
提问by Sterling
I am trying to use the select function to have non-blocking i/o between a server and 1 client (no more) where the communication flows nicely (can send at any time and the other will receive without waiting to send). I found a tutorial with some code and tried to adapt it to mine. This is what I have -
我正在尝试使用 select 函数在服务器和 1 个客户端（不再）之间进行非阻塞 i/o，其中通信流畅（可以随时发送，另一个将接收而无需等待发送）。我找到了一个包含一些代码的教程，并尝试将其调整为我的。这就是我所拥有的——
Server
服务器
#define PORT "4950"
#define STDIN 0
struct sockaddr name;
void set_nonblock(int socket) {
int flags;
flags = fcntl(socket,F_GETFL,0);
assert(flags != -1);
fcntl(socket, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
}
// get sockaddr, IPv4 or IPv6:
void *get_in_addr(struct sockaddr *sa) {
if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET)
return &(((struct sockaddr_in*)sa)->sin_addr);
return &(((struct sockaddr_in6*)sa)->sin6_addr);
}
int main(int agrc, char** argv) {
int status, sock, adrlen, new_sd;
struct addrinfo hints;
struct addrinfo *servinfo; //will point to the results
//store the connecting address and size
struct sockaddr_storage their_addr;
socklen_t their_addr_size;
fd_set read_flags,write_flags; // the flag sets to be used
struct timeval waitd; // the max wait time for an event
int sel; // holds return value for select();
//socket infoS
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints); //make sure the struct is empty
hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; //tcp
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; //use local-host address
//get server info, put into servinfo
if ((status = getaddrinfo("127.0.0.1", PORT, &hints, &servinfo)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo error: %s\n", gai_strerror(status));
exit(1);
}
//make socket
sock = socket(servinfo->ai_family, servinfo->ai_socktype, servinfo->ai_protocol);
if (sock < 0) {
printf("\nserver socket failure %m", errno);
exit(1);
}
//allow reuse of port
int yes=1;
if (setsockopt(sock,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&yes,sizeof(int)) == -1) {
perror("setsockopt");
exit(1);
}
//unlink and bind
unlink("127.0.0.1");
if(bind (sock, servinfo->ai_addr, servinfo->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
printf("\nBind error %m", errno);
exit(1);
}
freeaddrinfo(servinfo);
//listen
if(listen(sock, 5) < 0) {
printf("\nListen error %m", errno);
exit(1);
}
their_addr_size = sizeof(their_addr);
//accept
new_sd = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&their_addr, &their_addr_size);
if( new_sd < 0) {
printf("\nAccept error %m", errno);
exit(1);
}
set_nonblock(new_sd);
cout<<"\nSuccessful Connection!";
char* in = new char[255];
char* out = new char[255];
int numSent;
int numRead;
while(1) {
waitd.tv_sec = 10;
FD_ZERO(&read_flags);
FD_ZERO(&write_flags);
FD_SET(new_sd, &read_flags);
if(strlen(out) != 0)
FD_SET(new_sd, &write_flags);
sel = select(new_sd+1, &read_flags, &write_flags, (fd_set*)0, &waitd);
if(sel < 0)
continue;
//socket ready for reading
if(FD_ISSET(new_sd, &read_flags)) {
FD_CLR(new_sd, &read_flags);
memset(&in, 0, sizeof(in));
if(recv(new_sd, in, sizeof(in), 0) <= 0) {
close(new_sd);
break;
}
else
cout<<"\n"<<in;
} //end if ready for read
//socket ready for writing
if(FD_ISSET(new_sd, &write_flags)) {
FD_CLR(new_sd, &write_flags);
send(new_sd, out, strlen(out), 0);
memset(&out, 0, sizeof(out));
}
} //end while
cout<<"\n\nExiting normally\n";
return 0;
}
Client (basically the same just minus an accept call) -
客户端（基本上相同，只是减去一个接受调用）-
#define PORT "4950"
struct sockaddr name;
void set_nonblock(int socket) {
int flags;
flags = fcntl(socket,F_GETFL,0);
assert(flags != -1);
fcntl(socket, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
}
// get sockaddr, IPv4 or IPv6:
void *get_in_addr(struct sockaddr *sa) {
if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET)
return &(((struct sockaddr_in*)sa)->sin_addr);
return &(((struct sockaddr_in6*)sa)->sin6_addr);
}
int main(int agrc, char** argv) {
int status, sock, adrlen;
struct addrinfo hints;
struct addrinfo *servinfo; //will point to the results
fd_set read_flags,write_flags; // the flag sets to be used
struct timeval waitd; // the max wait time for an event
int sel; // holds return value for select();
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints); //make sure the struct is empty
hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; //tcp
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; //use local-host address
//get server info, put into servinfo
if ((status = getaddrinfo("127.0.0.1", PORT, &hints, &servinfo)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo error: %s\n", gai_strerror(status));
exit(1);
}
//make socket
sock = socket(servinfo->ai_family, servinfo->ai_socktype, servinfo->ai_protocol);
if (sock < 0) {
printf("\nserver socket failure %m", errno);
exit(1);
}
if(connect(sock, servinfo->ai_addr, servinfo->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
printf("\nclient connection failure %m", errno);
exit(1);
}
cout<<"\nSuccessful connection!";
set_nonblock(sock);
char* out = new char[255];
char* in = new char[255];
int numRead;
int numSent;
while(1) {
waitd.tv_sec = 10;
FD_ZERO(&read_flags);
FD_ZERO(&write_flags);
FD_SET(sock, &read_flags);
if(strlen(out) != 0)
FD_SET(sock, &write_flags);
sel = select(sock+1, &read_flags, &write_flags, (fd_set*)0, &waitd);
if(sel < 0)
continue;
//socket ready for reading
if(FD_ISSET(sock, &read_flags)) {
FD_CLR(sock, &read_flags);
memset(&in, 0, sizeof(in));
if(recv(sock, in, sizeof(in), 0) <= 0) {
close(sock);
break;
}
else
cout<<"\n"<<in;
} //end if ready for read
//socket ready for writing
if(FD_ISSET(sock, &write_flags)) {
FD_CLR(sock, &write_flags);
send(sock, out, strlen(out), 0);
memset(&out, 0, sizeof(out));
}
} //end while
cout<<"\n\nExiting normally\n";
return 0;
}
The problem is that when I run them, nothing happens. I can type into one and hit enter and nothing shows up on the other screen (and vice versa). Thats not a whole of information for me to debug and this is my first real attempt at using select so I thought maybe I am just unaware of something simple. If anything can be spotted as wrong or weird please point it out, any help is appreciated.
问题是当我运行它们时，什么也没有发生。我可以输入一个并按回车键，另一个屏幕上没有任何显示（反之亦然）。这不是我要调试的全部信息，这是我第一次真正尝试使用 select 所以我想也许我只是不知道一些简单的事情。如果有任何发现错误或奇怪的地方，请指出，任何帮助表示赞赏。
采纳答案by Sterling
I have the program working correctly now.
我的程序现在可以正常工作了。
server -
服务器 -
#define PORT "4950"
#define STDIN 0
struct sockaddr name;
void set_nonblock(int socket) {
int flags;
flags = fcntl(socket,F_GETFL,0);
assert(flags != -1);
fcntl(socket, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
}
// get sockaddr, IPv4 or IPv6:
void *get_in_addr(struct sockaddr *sa) {
if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET)
return &(((struct sockaddr_in*)sa)->sin_addr);
return &(((struct sockaddr_in6*)sa)->sin6_addr);
}
int main(int agrc, char** argv) {
int status, sock, adrlen, new_sd;
struct addrinfo hints;
struct addrinfo *servinfo; //will point to the results
//store the connecting address and size
struct sockaddr_storage their_addr;
socklen_t their_addr_size;
fd_set read_flags,write_flags; // the flag sets to be used
struct timeval waitd = {10, 0}; // the max wait time for an event
int sel; // holds return value for select();
//socket infoS
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints); //make sure the struct is empty
hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; //tcp
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; //use local-host address
//get server info, put into servinfo
if ((status = getaddrinfo("127.0.0.1", PORT, &hints, &servinfo)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo error: %s\n", gai_strerror(status));
exit(1);
}
//make socket
sock = socket(servinfo->ai_family, servinfo->ai_socktype, servinfo->ai_protocol);
if (sock < 0) {
printf("\nserver socket failure %m", errno);
exit(1);
}
//allow reuse of port
int yes=1;
if (setsockopt(sock,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&yes,sizeof(int)) == -1) {
perror("setsockopt");
exit(1);
}
//unlink and bind
unlink("127.0.0.1");
if(bind (sock, servinfo->ai_addr, servinfo->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
printf("\nBind error %m", errno);
exit(1);
}
freeaddrinfo(servinfo);
//listen
if(listen(sock, 5) < 0) {
printf("\nListen error %m", errno);
exit(1);
}
their_addr_size = sizeof(their_addr);
//accept
new_sd = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&their_addr, &their_addr_size);
if( new_sd < 0) {
printf("\nAccept error %m", errno);
exit(1);
}
//set non blocking
set_nonblock(new_sd);
cout<<"\nSuccessful Connection!\n";
char in[255];
char out[255];
memset(&in, 0, 255);
memset(&out, 0, 255);
int numSent;
int numRead;
while(1) {
FD_ZERO(&read_flags);
FD_ZERO(&write_flags);
FD_SET(new_sd, &read_flags);
FD_SET(new_sd, &write_flags);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &read_flags);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &write_flags);
sel = select(new_sd+1, &read_flags, &write_flags, (fd_set*)0, &waitd);
//if an error with select
if(sel < 0)
continue;
//socket ready for reading
if(FD_ISSET(new_sd, &read_flags)) {
//clear set
FD_CLR(new_sd, &read_flags);
memset(&in, 0, 255);
numRead = recv(new_sd, in, 255, 0);
if(numRead <= 0) {
printf("\nClosing socket");
close(new_sd);
break;
}
else if(in[0] != 'FD_SET(sock, &read_flags);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &read_flags);
/* .. snip .. */
if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &read_flags)) {
fgets(out, len, stdin);
}
')
cout<<"\nClient: "<<in;
} //end if ready for read
//if stdin is ready to be read
if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &read_flags))
fgets(out, 255, stdin);
//socket ready for writing
if(FD_ISSET(new_sd, &write_flags)) {
//printf("\nSocket ready for write");
FD_CLR(new_sd, &write_flags);
send(new_sd, out, 255, 0);
memset(&out, 0, 255);
} //end if
} //end while
cout<<"\n\nExiting normally\n";
return 0;
}
The client is basically the same...only difference really is the lack of listen and accept.
客户基本上是一样的......唯一的区别是缺乏倾听和接受。
回答by cnicutar
The problem is that when I run them, nothing happens.
问题是当我运行它们时，什么也没有发生。
The real problem is that people have been pasting stuff from Beej for years without understanding it. That's why I don't really like that guide; it gives large blocks of code without really explaining them in detail.
真正的问题是人们多年来一直在粘贴 Beej 的东西而不理解它。这就是为什么我不太喜欢那个指南；它给出了大量的代码块，而没有真正详细地解释它们。
You're not reading anything and not sending anything; no fgets, scanf, cin etc. Here's what I would do:
您没有阅读任何内容，也没有发送任何内容；没有 fgets、scanf、cin 等。这是我要做的：
##代码##This will monitor stdinand read form it when input is available; then, when the socket si writeable (FD_ISSET(sock, &write_flags)) it will send the buffer.
stdin当输入可用时，这将监视和读取它；然后，当套接字 si 可写 ( FD_ISSET(sock, &write_flags)) 时，它将发送缓冲区。
回答by Henk
I just want to add that above example may not work as expected on Linux. On Linux waitd may be modified by select. So for Linux, waitd should be rewritten before select.
我只想补充一点，上面的示例在 Linux 上可能无法按预期工作。在 Linux 上可以通过 select 修改 waitd。所以对于 Linux，waitd 应该在 select 之前重写。
See the "timeout" section in the man page for select.
请参阅手册页中的“超时”部分以进行选择。
