如何从 C++ 打开 URL？
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How do I open a URL from C++?
提问by rodrigoalvesvieira
how can I open a URL from my C++ program?
如何从我的 C++ 程序打开 URL？
In ruby you can do
在红宝石中你可以做
%x(open https://google.com)
What's the equivalent in C++? I wonder if there's a platform-independent solution. But if there isn't, I'd like the Unix/Mac better :)
C++ 中的等价物是什么？我想知道是否有独立于平台的解决方案。但如果没有，我更喜欢 Unix/Mac :)
Here's my code:
这是我的代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fstream>
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
char url[1000] = "https://www.google.com";
std::fstream fs;
fs.open(url);
fs.close();
return 0;
}
回答by ST3
Your question may mean two different things:
你的问题可能意味着两件事：
1.) Open a web page with a browser.
1.) 用浏览器打开一个网页。
#include <windows.h>
#include <shellapi.h>
...
ShellExecute(0, 0, L"http://www.google.com", 0, 0 , SW_SHOW );
This should work, it opens the file with the associated program. Should open the browser, which is usually the default web browser.
这应该可以工作，它会使用关联的程序打开文件。应该打开浏览器，这通常是默认的 Web 浏览器。
2.) Get the code of a webpage and you will render it yourself or do some other thing. For this I recommend to read thisor/and this.
2.) 获取网页的代码，您将自己渲染它或做其他事情。为此，我建议阅读此或/和此。
I hope it's at least a little helpful.
我希望它至少有点帮助。
EDIT: Did not notice, what you are asking for UNIX, this only work on Windows.
编辑：没有注意到，您对 UNIX 的要求是什么，这只适用于 Windows。
回答by rectummelancolique
Use libcurl, here is a simple example.
EDIT: If this is about starting a web browser from C++, you can invoke a shell command with systemon a POSIX system:
编辑：如果这是关于从 C++ 启动 Web 浏览器，您可以system在 POSIX 系统上调用 shell 命令：
system("<mybrowser> http://google.com");
By replacing <mybrowser>with the browser you want to launch.
通过替换<mybrowser>为您要启动的浏览器。
回答by Software_Designer
Here's an example in windows code using winsock.
这是使用 winsock 的 Windows 代码示例。
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <locale>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
using namespace std;
string website_HTML;
locale local;
void get_Website(char *url );
int main ()
{
//open website
get_Website("www.google.com" );
//format website HTML
for (size_t i=0; i<website_HTML.length(); ++i)
website_HTML[i]= tolower(website_HTML[i],local);
//display HTML
cout <<website_HTML;
cout<<"\n\n";
return 0;
}
//***************************
void get_Website(char *url )
{
WSADATA wsaData;
SOCKET Socket;
SOCKADDR_IN SockAddr;
int lineCount=0;
int rowCount=0;
struct hostent *host;
char *get_http= new char[256];
memset(get_http,' ', sizeof(get_http) );
strcpy(get_http,"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: ");
strcat(get_http,url);
strcat(get_http,"\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n");
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData) != 0)
{
cout << "WSAStartup failed.\n";
system("pause");
//return 1;
}
Socket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP);
host = gethostbyname(url);
SockAddr.sin_port=htons(80);
SockAddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
SockAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = *((unsigned long*)host->h_addr);
cout << "Connecting to "<< url<<" ...\n";
if(connect(Socket,(SOCKADDR*)(&SockAddr),sizeof(SockAddr)) != 0)
{
cout << "Could not connect";
system("pause");
//return 1;
}
cout << "Connected.\n";
send(Socket,get_http, strlen(get_http),0 );
char buffer[10000];
int nDataLength;
while ((nDataLength = recv(Socket,buffer,10000,0)) > 0)
{
int i = 0;
while (buffer[i] >= 32 || buffer[i] == '\n' || buffer[i] == '\r')
{
website_HTML+=buffer[i];
i += 1;
}
}
closesocket(Socket);
WSACleanup();
delete[] get_http;
}
回答by ahogen
I've had MUCH better luck using ShellExecuteA(). I've heard that there are a lot of security risks when you use "system()". This is what I came up with for my own code.
我使用 ShellExecuteA() 的运气要好得多。我听说使用“system()”时存在很多安全风险。这是我为自己的代码想出的。
void SearchWeb( string word )
{
string base_URL = "http://www.bing.com/search?q=";
string search_URL = "dummy";
search_URL = base_URL + word;
cout << "Searching for: \"" << word << "\"\n";
ShellExecuteA(NULL, "open", search_URL.c_str(), NULL, NULL, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
}
p.s. Its using WinAPI if i'm correct. So its not multiplatform solution.
ps 如果我是对的，它使用 WinAPI。所以它不是多平台解决方案。
回答by ahogen
C isn't as high-level as the scripting language you mention. But if you want to stay away from socket-based programming, try Curl. Curl is a great C library and has many features. I have used it for years and always recommend it. It also includes some stand alone programs for testing or shell use.
C 不像你提到的脚本语言那么高级。但是，如果您想远离基于套接字的编程，请尝试 Curl。Curl 是一个很棒的 C 库并且有很多特性。我已经使用它多年并且总是推荐它。它还包括一些用于测试或 shell 使用的独立程序。
回答by recolic
There're already answers for windows. In linux, I noticed open https://www.google.comalways launch browser from shell, so you can try:
Windows 已经有了答案。在 linux 中，我注意到open https://www.google.com总是从 shell 启动浏览器，所以你可以尝试：
system("open https://your.domain/uri");
system("open https://your.domain/uri");
that's say
也就是说
system(("open "s + url).c_str()); // c++
system(("open "s + url).c_str()); // c++
回答by u7109869
I was having the exact same problem in Windows.
我在 Windows 中遇到了完全相同的问题。
I noticed that in OP's gist, he uses string("open ")in line 21, however, by using it one comes across this error:
我注意到在OP 的 gist 中，他string("open ")在第 21 行使用，但是，通过使用它会遇到此错误：
'open' is not recognized as an internal or external command
'open' 不被识别为内部或外部命令
After researching, I have found that openis MacOS the default command to open things. It is different on Windows or Linux.
经过研究，我发现openMacOS 是打开东西的默认命令。在 Windows 或 Linux 上是不同的。
Linux: xdg-open <URL>
Linux：xdg-open <URL>
Windows: start <URL>
窗户：start <URL>
For those of you that are using Windows, as I am, you can use the following:
对于像我一样使用 Windows 的人，您可以使用以下内容：
std::string op = std::string("start ").append(url);
system(op.c_str());
回答by yhu420
For linux environments, you can use xdg-open. It is installed by default on most distributions. The benefit over the accepted answer is that it opens the user's preferred browser.
对于 linux 环境，您可以使用xdg-open. 它默认安装在大多数发行版上。接受答案的好处是它打开了用户的首选浏览器。
$ xdg-open https://google.com
$ xdg-open steam://run/10
Of course you can wrap this in a system()call.
当然，您可以将其封装在system()调用中。
回答by invadev
Create a function and copy the code using winsock which is mentioned already by Software_Developer.
创建一个函数并使用Software_Developer 已经提到的winsock 复制代码。
For Instance:
例如：
#ifdef _WIN32
// this is required only for windows
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData) != 0)
{
//...
}
#endif
winsock code here
winsock 代码在这里
#ifdef _WIN32
WSACleanup();
#endif
