如何使用 master 以外的默认分支名称创建 git 存储库？

How to create a git repository with the default branch name other than master?

提问by Abhisek

In git-book, it says

在git-book 中，它说

“origin” is not special

Just like the branch name “master” does not have any special meaning in Git, neither does “origin”. While “master” is the default name for a starting branch when you run git init which is the only reason it's widely used, “origin” is the default name for a remote when you run git clone. If you run git clone -o booyah instead, then you will have booyah/master as your default remote branch.

“起源”并不特殊

就像分支名称“master”在 Git 中没有任何特殊含义一样，“origin”也没有。虽然“master”是运行 git init 时起始分支的默认名称，这是它被广泛使用的唯一原因，但“origin”是运行 git clone 时远程的默认名称。如果您改为运行 git clone -o booyah，那么您将拥有 booyah/master 作为默认远程分支。

That means, we can use our default branch name as mainor main-branchor something like that. I didn't see any option in man git-initwhich will initialize my repowith a different default branch name.

这意味着，我们可以使用我们的默认分支名称作为main或main-branch或类似的东西。我没有看到任何选项man git-init可以repo用不同的默认分支名称初始化我的。

Githubshows how to set the default branch name in her settings page. But I am not talking about how to set it in any specific git hosting site. I am strictly asking in terms of git only, not in regards to any specific git hosting site.

Github展示了如何在她的设置页面中设置默认分支名称。但我不是在谈论如何在任何特定的git 托管站点中设置它。我只是严格询问 git，而不是任何特定的git 托管站点。

Is there a way to do that ?

有没有办法做到这一点 ？

回答by Dietrich Epp

As you noticed, there is no parameter for git initfor the branch name, so two commands will have to do.

正如您所注意到的，git init分支名称没有参数，因此必须执行两个命令。

git init
git checkout -b trunk

This creates a new repository with trunkas the current branch instead of master. The branch masterdoes not actually exist--the branches don't get created until they have at least one commit. Until the branch gets created, the branch only exists in .git/HEAD, which explains why the masterbranch will disappear when you switch to trunk.

这将创建一个新的存储库，trunk作为当前分支而不是master. 分支master实际上并不存在——分支在至少有一次提交之前不会被创建。在分支被创建之前，分支只存在于 中.git/HEAD，这就解释了为什么master当你切换到 时分支会消失trunk。

If you've already committed, you can run git branch -minstead:

如果您已经提交，则可以运行git branch -m：

git init
touch file.txt
git add file.txt
git commit -m 'commit 1'
git branch -m trunk

This renames the branch from masterto trunkonce it's created.

这从重命名分支master到trunk一旦创建它。

This does seem a bit clunky since the mechanism is different depending on whether the repository is empty, but it works.

这看起来确实有点笨拙，因为根据存储库是否为空，机制会有所不同，但它可以工作。

回答by Nicolas Braud-Santoni

You can, indirectly, configure git initto use a different default branch: the current branch is defined by HEAD, which is “just” a textfile telling git which ref is the current one.

您可以间接地配置git init为使用不同的默认分支：当前分支由 定义HEAD，它“只是”一个文本文件，告诉 git 哪个 ref 是当前分支。

Using init.templateDir, you can ask git initto use a different one:

使用init.templateDir，您可以要求git init使用不同的：

# ~/.config/git/config or ~/.gitconfig
[init]
    templateDir = ~/.config/git/template/

and in ~/.config/git/template/HEAD, put a single line (+ linebreak): ref: refs/heads/main(to default to branch main).

并在 中~/.config/git/template/HEAD，放一行（+ 换行符）：（ref: refs/heads/main默认为 branch main）。

The whole contents of templateDirare copied to the .gitdirectory when creating a repository; the default (here /usr/share/git-core/templates) contains some sample hooks and other files, but you can use your new template directory to setup default hooks, for example.

创建存储库时将 的全部内容templateDir复制到.git目录中；默认（此处/usr/share/git-core/templates）包含一些示例挂钩和其他文件，但您可以使用新的模板目录来设置默认挂钩，例如。

$ tree /usr/share/git-core/templates 
/usr/share/git-core/templates
├── branches
├── description
├── hooks
│?? ├── applypatch-msg.sample
│?? ├── commit-msg.sample
│?? ├── fsmonitor-watchman.sample
│?? ├── post-update.sample
│?? ├── pre-applypatch.sample
│?? ├── pre-commit.sample
│?? ├── prepare-commit-msg.sample
│?? ├── pre-push.sample
│?? ├── pre-rebase.sample
│?? ├── pre-receive.sample
│?? └── update.sample
└── info
    └── exclude

3 directories, 13 files