从 Java 启动 Spring 应用程序的异常

Exception starting Spring application from Java

提问by rmv

I am able to compile and start my Spring project using Maven:

我能够使用 Maven 编译并启动我的 Spring 项目：

mvn -e clean compile exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=de.fraunhofer.fkie.tet.vmware.manager.Test

However, when I assemble all jars in a single file using the maven-assembly-plugin(including applicationContext.xml), I always get an Exceptionduring the javaexecution:

但是，当我使用maven-assembly-plugin（包括applicationContext.xml）将所有 jar 组合到一个文件中时，我总是Exception在java执行过程中得到一个：

java -cp target/test-jar-with-dependencies.jar:. de.fraunhofer.fkie.tet.vmware.manager.Test

  INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]
  Sep 6, 2010 10:37:21 AM org.springframework.util.xml.SimpleSaxErrorHandler warning
  WARNING: Ignored XML validation warning
  org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: schema_reference.4: Failed to read schema document 'http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd', because 1) could not find the document; 2) the document could not be read; 3) the root element of the document is not <xsd:schema>.
  ...
  Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: 
  Line 10 in XML document from class path resource [applicationContext.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: 
  The matching wildcard is strict, but no declaration can be found for element 'context:annotation-config'.
  ...
  Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: 
  The matching wildcard is strict, but no declaration can be found for element 'context:annotation-config'.

I also tried to attach the schema definitions, i.e. spring-context.xsdetc., directly to the classpath, but without any success.

我还尝试将模式定义（即spring-context.xsd等）直接附加到类路径，但没有成功。

less src/main/resources/applicationContext.xml

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
                             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

      <context:annotation-config />   <!-- wegen '@PostConstruct' -->
  <!--<context:component-scan base-package="de.fraunhofer" />     -->
  ...
  </beans>

采纳答案by axtavt

Spring namespace handlers are resolved using files /META-INF/spring.schemasand /META-INF/spring.handlers. Because files with these names exist in different Spring jars, probably only one of them remains in target jar after maven-assembly-plugin.

Spring 命名空间处理程序使用文件/META-INF/spring.schemas和/META-INF/spring.handlers. 由于具有这些名称的文件存在于不同的 Spring jar 中，因此在maven-assembly-plugin.

Perhaps you may merge these files manually and somehow configure maven-assembly-pluginto overwrite file in target jar with this merged file.

也许您可以手动合并这些文件，并以某种方式配置maven-assembly-plugin为使用此合并文件覆盖目标 jar 中的文件。

回答by Abhinav Sarkar

I suspect your spring config file is missing the contextXML namespace. It should be added to the root element of your spring config file like this:

我怀疑您的 spring 配置文件缺少contextXML 命名空间。它应该像这样添加到你的 spring 配置文件的根元素中：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.abc.xyz" />

</beans>

回答by krock

What spring dependencies do you have in your pom? You may get xml parsing errors due to some spring jar files not being on the class path. In spring 3 the library was split up into many jar files. Check out this postto see what you need, specifically:

你的 pom 中有哪些 spring 依赖？由于某些 spring jar 文件不在类路径上，您可能会遇到 xml 解析错误。在 spring 3 中，库被拆分为许多 jar 文件。看看这篇文章，看看你需要什么，特别是：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>

回答by Ian

I've found the root problem for this as per the reply of axtavt, and I've reported it as a ?bug? in Spring: https://jira.springsource.org/browse/SPR-8368- a workaround to generate your own merged copies of these files is included there. For posterity the code is here as well:

我已经根据 axtavt 的回复找到了这个问题的根本问题，并且我已将其报告为 ?bug? 在 Spring 中：https: //jira.springsource.org/browse/SPR-8368- 此处包含生成这些文件的自己合并副本的解决方法。对于后代，代码也在这里：

//IOUtils and FileUtils come from Apache Commons IO
for(String s : new String[] {"spring.schemas", "spring.handlers", "spring.tooling"}) {
    Enumeration<?> e = Test.class.getClassLoader().getResources("META-INF/"+s);
    StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
    while(e.hasMoreElements()) {
        URL u = (URL) e.nextElement();
        out.append(IOUtils.toString(u.openStream())).append("\n");
    }
    File outf = new File(s);
    FileUtils.writeStringToFile(outf, out.toString(), "UTF-8");
}

回答by lokesh

I believe there are 3 solutions to this problem

我相信这个问题有3个解决方案

1. The tx jar file should be included in the classpath/buildpath of the project. (most common error)
2. Mentioned by "axtavt" above
3. Try this before "axtaxt" solution: go to your war directory (specified in GWT compile's advanced tab) and put the spring-tx.jar file in the lib folder under your war directory, refresh and run again.

1. tx jar 文件应该包含在项目的类路径/构建路径中。（最常见的错误）
2. 上面提到的“axtavt”
3. 在“axtaxt”解决方案之前试试这个：转到你的war目录（在GWT编译的高级选项卡中指定）并将spring-tx.jar文件放在你的war目录下的lib文件夹中，刷新并再次运行。

回答by Vivek Kumar

As it suggests there is a problem with the parsing either in Request or in Response. This error can occur if the RestTemplate client is expecting particular kind of Response from the Resource, but the Resource is returning something entirely. I got this error for a POST RestTemplate client that was related to change in the Response returned.

因为它表明请求或响应中的解析存在问题。如果 RestTemplate 客户端期望来自资源的特定类型的响应，但资源完全返回某些内容，则可能会发生此错误。我收到了一个 POST RestTemplate 客户端的错误，该错误与返回的响应中的更改有关。

For e.g. Initial RestTemplate that was returning an Entity 'MyClass' changed and stared returning String so the Parser started giving error

例如，返回实体“MyClass”的初始 RestTemplate 已更改并盯着返回字符串，因此解析器开始给出错误

 ResponseEntity<MyClass> postResponseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(postEndPoint, httpRequestEntity, MyClass.class);
 MyClass postResponseBody = postResponseEntity.getBody();

Changed to

变成

 ResponseEntity<String> postResponseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(postEndPoint, httpRequestEntity, String.class);
 String postResponseBody = postResponseEntity.getBody();

As the response type changed from the entity to String the parser started giving error when processing the Response. Changed it to correct Response type (which in my case was String) and it started working.

随着响应类型从实体更改为字符串，解析器在处理响应时开始给出错误。将其更改为正确的响应类型（在我的情况下是字符串）并开始工作。