我如何枚举枚举?

时间:2020-03-06 14:27:44  来源:igfitidea点击:

我们如何在C#中枚举一个"枚举"?

例如。以下代码无法编译:

public enum Suit 
{
    Spades,
    Hearts,
    Clubs,
    Diamonds
}

public void EnumerateAllSuitsDemoMethod() 
{
    foreach (Suit suit in Suit) 
    {
        DoSomething(suit);
    }
}

并给出以下编译时错误:

'Suit' is a 'type' but is used like a 'variable'

它在第二个关键字" Suit"上失败。

解决方案

我想你可以用

Enum.GetNames(Suit)

foreach (Suit suit in (Suit[]) Enum.GetValues(typeof(Suit)))
{
}

在我看来,我们确实想打印出每个枚举的名称,而不是值。在这种情况下," Enum.GetNames()"似乎是正确的方法。

public enum Suits
{
    Spades,
    Hearts,
    Clubs,
    Diamonds,
    NumSuits
}

public void PrintAllSuits()
{
    foreach (string name in Enum.GetNames(typeof(Suits)))
    {
        System.Console.WriteLine(name);
    }
}

顺便说一句,增加值不是枚举枚举值的好方法。我们应该这样做。

我会改用Enum.GetValues(typeof(Suit))

public enum Suits
{
    Spades,
    Hearts,
    Clubs,
    Diamonds,
    NumSuits
}

public void PrintAllSuits()
{
    foreach (var suit in Enum.GetValues(typeof(Suits)))
    {
        System.Console.WriteLine(suit.ToString());
    }
}

public void PrintAllSuits()
{
    foreach(string suit in Enum.GetNames(typeof(Suits)))
    {
        Console.WriteLine(suit);
    }
}

为了方便枚举使用,我做了一些扩展,也许有人可以使用它。

public static class EnumExtensions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Gets all items for an enum value.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static IEnumerable<T> GetAllItems<T>(this Enum value)
    {
        foreach (object item in Enum.GetValues(typeof(T)))
        {
            yield return (T)item;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets all items for an enum type.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static IEnumerable<T> GetAllItems<T>() where T : struct
    {
        foreach (object item in Enum.GetValues(typeof(T)))
        {
            yield return (T)item;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets all combined items from an enum value.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    /// <example>
    /// Displays ValueA and ValueB.
    /// <code>
    /// EnumExample dummy = EnumExample.Combi;
    /// foreach (var item in dummy.GetAllSelectedItems<EnumExample>())
    /// {
    ///    Console.WriteLine(item);
    /// }
    /// </code>
    /// </example>
    public static IEnumerable<T> GetAllSelectedItems<T>(this Enum value)
    {
        int valueAsInt = Convert.ToInt32(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);

        foreach (object item in Enum.GetValues(typeof(T)))
        {
            int itemAsInt = Convert.ToInt32(item, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);

            if (itemAsInt == (valueAsInt & itemAsInt))
            {
                yield return (T)item;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Determines whether the enum value contains a specific value.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
    /// <param name="request">The request.</param>
    /// <returns>
    ///     <c>true</c> if value contains the specified value; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
    /// </returns>
    /// <example>
    /// <code>
    /// EnumExample dummy = EnumExample.Combi;
    /// if (dummy.Contains<EnumExample>(EnumExample.ValueA))
    /// {
    ///     Console.WriteLine("dummy contains EnumExample.ValueA");
    /// }
    /// </code>
    /// </example>
    public static bool Contains<T>(this Enum value, T request)
    {
        int valueAsInt = Convert.ToInt32(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        int requestAsInt = Convert.ToInt32(request, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);

        if (requestAsInt == (valueAsInt & requestAsInt))
        {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }
}

枚举本身必须用FlagsAttribute装饰

[Flags]
public enum EnumExample
{
    ValueA = 1,
    ValueB = 2,
    ValueC = 4,
    ValueD = 8,
    Combi = ValueA | ValueB
}

.NET框架的某些版本不支持Enum.GetValues。这是Ideas 2.0的一个很好的解决方法:Compact Framework中的Enum.GetValues:

public List<Enum> GetValues(Enum enumeration)
{
   List<Enum> enumerations = new List<Enum>();
   foreach (FieldInfo fieldInfo in enumeration.GetType().GetFields(
         BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public))
   {
      enumerations.Add((Enum)fieldInfo.GetValue(enumeration));
   }
   return enumerations;
}

与任何涉及反射的代码一样,我们应采取步骤确保其仅运行一次并缓存结果。

foreach (Suit suit in Enum.GetValues(typeof(Suit))) { }

  
  I've heard vague rumours that this is
  terifically slow. Anyone know? – Orion
  Edwards Oct 15 '08 at 1:31 7

我认为缓存阵列将大大加快速度。看起来我们每次都在获取一个新数组(通过反射)。相当:

Array enums = Enum.GetValues(typeof(Suit));
foreach (Suit suitEnum in enums) 
{
    DoSomething(suitEnum);
}

至少快一点,对吗?

只需添加我的解决方案即可在紧凑框架(3.5)中使用,并在编译时支持类型检查:

public static List<T> GetEnumValues<T>() where T : new() {
    T valueType = new T();
    return typeof(T).GetFields()
        .Select(fieldInfo => (T)fieldInfo.GetValue(valueType))
        .Distinct()
        .ToList();
}

public static List<String> GetEnumNames<T>() {
    return typeof (T).GetFields()
        .Select(info => info.Name)
        .Distinct()
        .ToList();
}

如果有人知道如何摆脱T valueType = new T(),我很乐意看到一个解决方案。

呼叫如下所示:

List<MyEnum> result = Utils.GetEnumValues<MyEnum>();

我们将不会在Silverlight中获得Enum.GetValues()

Einar Ingebrigtsen撰写的原始博客文章:

public class EnumHelper
{
    public static T[] GetValues<T>()
    {
        Type enumType = typeof(T);

        if (!enumType.IsEnum)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Type '" + enumType.Name + "' is not an enum");
        }

        List<T> values = new List<T>();

        var fields = from field in enumType.GetFields()
                     where field.IsLiteral
                     select field;

        foreach (FieldInfo field in fields)
        {
            object value = field.GetValue(enumType);
            values.Add((T)value);
        }

        return values.ToArray();
    }

    public static object[] GetValues(Type enumType)
    {
        if (!enumType.IsEnum)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Type '" + enumType.Name + "' is not an enum");
        }

        List<object> values = new List<object>();

        var fields = from field in enumType.GetFields()
                     where field.IsLiteral
                     select field;

        foreach (FieldInfo field in fields)
        {
            object value = field.GetValue(enumType);
            values.Add(value);
        }

        return values.ToArray();
    }
}