Linux 更优雅的“ps aux | grep -v grep”
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More elegant "ps aux | grep -v grep"
提问by Jakub M.
When I check list of processes and 'grep' out those that are interesting for me, the grepitself is also included in the results. For example, to list terminals:
当我检查进程列表并“grep”出我感兴趣的进程时，grep结果本身也包含在内。例如，要列出终端：
$ ps aux | grep terminal
user 2064 0.0 0.6 181452 26460 ? Sl Feb13 5:41 gnome-terminal --working-directory=..
user 2979 0.0 0.0 4192 796 pts/3 S+ 11:07 0:00 grep --color=auto terminal
Normally I use ps aux | grep something | grep -v grepto get rid of the last entry... but it is not elegant:)
通常我ps aux | grep something | grep -v grep用来摆脱最后一个条目......但它并不优雅:)
Do you have a more elegant hack to solve this issue (apart of wrapping all the command into a separate script, which is also not bad)
你有更优雅的 hack 来解决这个问题吗（除了将所有命令包装到一个单独的脚本中，这也不错）
采纳答案by Johnsyweb
The usual technique is this:
通常的技术是这样的：
ps aux | egrep '[t]erminal'
This will match lines containing terminal, which egrep '[t]erminal'does not! It also works on manyflavours of Unix.
这将匹配包含terminal,egrep '[t]erminal'不匹配的行！它也适用于多种Unix。
回答by Andreas Frische
You can filter in the ps command, e.g.
您可以在 ps 命令中进行过滤，例如
ps u -C gnome-terminal
(or search through /proc with findetc.)
（或通过 /proc 使用find等进行搜索）
回答by TaXXoR
One more alternative:
ps -fC terminal
Here the options:
这里的选项：
-f does full-format listing. This option can be combined
with many other UNIX-style options to add additional
columns. It also causes the command arguments to be
printed. When used with -L, the NLWP (number of
threads) and LWP (thread ID) columns will be added. See
the c option, the format keyword args, and the format
keyword comm.
-C cmdlist Select by command name.
This selects the processes whose executable name is
given in cmdlist.
回答by Acumenus
This answer builds upon a prior pgrepanswer. It also builds upon another answercombining the use of pswith pgrep. Here are some pertinent training examples:
此答案建立在先前的pgrep答案之上。它还建立在另一个结合使用with 的答案之上。以下是一些相关的培训示例：pspgrep
$ pgrep -lf sshd
1902 sshd
$ pgrep -f sshd
1902
$ ps up $(pgrep -f sshd)
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1902 0.0 0.1 82560 3580 ? Ss Oct20 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
$ ps up $(pgrep -f sshddd)
error: list of process IDs must follow p
[stderr output truncated]
$ ps up $(pgrep -f sshddd) 2>&-
[no output]
The above can be used as a function:
以上可以用作函数：
$ psgrep() { ps up $(pgrep -f $@) 2>&-; }
$ psgrep sshd
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1902 0.0 0.1 82560 3580 ? Ss Oct20 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Compare with using pswith grep. The useful header row is not printed:
与使用pswith进行比较grep。不打印有用的标题行：
$ ps aux | grep [s]shd
root 1902 0.0 0.1 82560 3580 ? Ss Oct20 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
回答by FlyingCodeMonkey
Another option is to edit your .bash_profile(or other file that you keep bash aliases in) to create a function that greps 'grep' out of the results.
另一种选择是编辑您的.bash_profile（或您保留 bash 别名的其他文件）以创建一个从结果中提取“grep”的函数。
function mygrep {
grep -v grep | grep --color=auto
}
alias grep='mygrep'
The grep -v grephas to be first otherwise your --color=autowon't work for some reason.
本grep -v grep必须是第一，否则你--color=auto不会出于某种原因。
This works if you're using bash; if you're using a different shell YMMV.
如果您使用 bash，这会起作用；如果您使用不同的外壳 YMMV。
回答by auntchilada
Using brackets to surround a character in the search pattern excludes the grepprocess since it doesn't contain the matching regex.
使用方括号将搜索模式中的字符括起来会排除该grep过程，因为它不包含匹配的正则表达式。
$ ps ax | grep 'syslogd'
16 ?? Ss 0:09.43 /usr/sbin/syslogd
18108 s001 S+ 0:00.00 grep syslogd
$ ps ax | grep '[s]yslogd'
16 ?? Ss 0:09.43 /usr/sbin/syslogd
$ ps ax | grep '[s]yslogd|grep'
16 ?? Ss 0:09.43 /usr/sbin/syslogd
18144 s001 S+ 0:00.00 grep [s]yslogd|grep
回答by Johan Walles
Disclaimer: I'm the author of this tool, but...
免责声明：我是这个工具的作者，但是......
I'd use px:
我会使用px：
~ $ px atom
PID COMMAND USERNAME CPU RAM COMMANDLINE
14321 crashpad_handler walles 0.01s 0% /Users/walles/Downloads/Atom.app/Contents/Frameworks/Electron Framework.framework/Resources/crashpad_handler --database=
16575 crashpad_handler walles 0.01s 0% /Users/walles/Downloads/Atom.app/Contents/Frameworks/Electron Framework.framework/Resources/crashpad_handler --database=
16573 Atom Helper walles 0.5s 0% /Users/walles/Downloads/Atom.app/Contents/Frameworks/Atom Helper.app/Contents/MacOS/Atom Helper --type=gpu-process --cha
16569 Atom walles 2.84s 1% /Users/walles/Downloads/Atom.app/Contents/MacOS/Atom --executed-from=/Users/walles/src/goworkspace/src/github.com/github
16591 Atom Helper walles 7.96s 2% /Users/walles/Downloads/Atom.app/Contents/Frameworks/Atom Helper.app/Contents/MacOS/Atom Helper --type=renderer --no-san
Except for finding processes with a sensible command line interface it also does a lot of other useful things, more details on the project page.
除了使用合理的命令行界面查找进程外，它还可以做很多其他有用的事情，更多细节在项目页面上。
Works on Linux and OS X, easily installed:
适用于 Linux 和 OS X，易于安装：
curl -Ls https://github.com/walles/px/raw/python/install.sh | bash
回答by tripleee
Depending on the ultimate use case, you often want to prefer Awk instead.
根据最终用例，您通常更喜欢 Awk。
ps aux | awk '/[t]erminal/'
This is particularly true when you have something like
当你有类似的东西时尤其如此
ps aux | grep '[t]erminal' | awk '{print }' # useless use of grep!
where obviously the regex can be factored into the Awk script trivially:
显然，正则表达式可以简单地分解到 awk 脚本中：
ps aux | awk '/[t]erminal/ { print }'
But really, don't reinvent this yourself. pgrepand friends have been around for a long time and handle this entire problem space much better than most ad hoc reimplementations.
但实际上，不要自己重新发明。pgrep和朋友们已经存在很长时间了，并且比大多数临时重新实现更好地处理整个问题空间。
