Ruby-on-rails 如何向现有控制器添加新操作？

How to add a new action to the existing controller?

提问by Calirails

I'm pretty new in Rails. Sorry for the noob question.

我是 Rails 的新手。对不起，菜鸟问题。

I've create a new controller: rails new controller Say hello goodbye

我创建了一个新控制器： rails new controller Say hello goodbye

How can i add a new action like "hello" and "goodbye" to this existing controller?

如何向现有控制器添加“你好”和“再见”等新动作？

回答by fotanus

Add a new action is simple. All you have to do is add a method on your controller, like, for example:

添加新动作很简单。您所要做的就是在控制器上添加一个方法，例如：

# app/controllers/dummy_controller.rb
def get_back
  logger.warn "It works!"
  redirect_to :back
end

Now, to be able to access this action throgh a URL, you need to have a route for that. This is done in your config/routes.rbfile. You can add it as a hard route, like

现在，为了能够通过 URL 访问此操作，您需要为此设置一个路由。这是在您的config/routes.rb文件中完成的。您可以将其添加为硬路线，例如

get '/go_back', to: "dummy#get_back"

This is the simplest possible route. But you might want it to behave like a restful route. This is useful if you are doing an action over one or more models. So your in your route file, you will have something like this:

这是最简单的可能路线。但您可能希望它表现得像一条宁静的路线。如果您对一个或多个模型执行操作，这将非常有用。所以你在你的路由文件中，你会有这样的东西：

resources :dummy do
  collection do
    get 'get_back'
  end
end

This allows you to accept a getmethod over a collection. You will have the helper dummy_go_back_url, and to get to this page the url is /dummies/go_back.

这允许您get通过集合接受方法。您将拥有帮助程序dummy_go_back_url，并且要访问此页面，网址为/dummies/go_back。

This is for acting over a collection of resources. If you are acting on one specific object, you should specify a memberaction:

这是用于对资源集合进行操作。如果您正在对一个特定对象执行操作，则应指定一个member操作：

resources :dummy do
  member do
    get 'get_back'
  end
end

Since a member action is for only one object, you will have a url like /dummies/123/go_back. This automatically will set the variable params[:id]in your controller to 123, allowing you to easily fetch your object. Also, the helper method dummy_go_back_pathis defined, and received one object or id as parameter to generate the correct url.

由于成员操作仅适用于一个对象，因此您将拥有类似/dummies/123/go_back. 这会自动将params[:id]控制器中的变量设置为123，让您轻松获取对象。此外，helper 方法dummy_go_back_path已定义，并接收一个对象或 id 作为参数以生成正确的 url。

These are the most simple routes you can have, but you can look in routing outside infrom rails guides as a reliable source of information.

这些是您可以拥有的最简单的路线，但您可以将导轨从外向内的路线视为可靠的信息来源。

回答by Optimus Pette

def hello
  @hello = "hello"
end

def goodbye
  @goodbye = "goodbye"
end

then in /config/routes.rb

然后在 /config/routes.rb

get 'foo/hello'       ## foo is the name of your controller
get 'foo/goodbye'

Remember to create the views too: views/foo/hello.html.erbthat may look like this:

请记住也创建视图： views/foo/hello.html.erb可能如下所示：

Say <%= @hello %>

views/foo/goodbye.html.erbthat may look like this:

views/foo/goodbye.html.erb可能看起来像这样：

 Say <%= @goodbye %>

回答by rexxar

When you repeat the generatecommand with another method's name, you can skip overwriting the existing controller and it's test implementation. That will automatically add the route and create a view. After that you have to add the method manually to the controller because that action didn't touch the controller file.

当您generate使用另一个方法的名称重复该命令时，您可以跳过覆盖现有控制器及其测试实现。这将自动添加路线并创建视图。之后，您必须手动将方法添加到控制器，因为该操作没有触及控制器文件。

---

---

Example:

例子：

one method called newwas already created in the controller when it was initially created:

一个被调用的方法new在最初创建时已经在控制器中创建了：

$ rails generate controller Person new
... successfully created the controller, it's route and view ...

when trying to add a new method:

尝试添加新方法时：

$ rails generate controller Person all
Running via Spring preloader in process 28648
    conflict  app/controllers/person_controller.rb
Overwrite ../app/controllers/person_controller.rb? (enter "h" for help) [Ynaqdh] h
    Y - yes, overwrite
    n - no, do not overwrite
    a - all, overwrite this and all others
    q - quit, abort
    d - diff, show the differences between the old and the new
    h - help, show this help
Overwrite ../app/controllers/person_controller.rb? (enter "h" for help) [Ynaqdh] n
        skip  app/controllers/person_controller.rb
       route  get 'person/all'
      invoke  erb
       exist    app/views/person
      create    app/views/person/all.html.erb
      invoke  test_unit
    conflict    test/controllers/person_controller_test.rb
Overwrite ../test/controllers/person_controller_test.rb? (enter "h" for help) [Ynaqdh] n
        skip    test/controllers/person_controller_test.rb
      invoke  helper
   identical    app/helpers/person_helper.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      invoke  assets
      invoke    coffee
   identical      app/assets/javascripts/person.coffee
      invoke    scss
   identical      app/assets/stylesheets/person.scss

回答by BroiSatse

You simply open controller file (in app/controllers/) and define new methods there. However, if you generated this controller (say_controller) the way you wrote, those two actions should already be there.

您只需打开控制器文件（在 app/controllers/ 中）并在那里定义新方法。但是，如果您按照您编写的方式生成了这个控制器 (say_controller)，那么这两个操作应该已经存在了。