Python AttributeError: 'Manager' 对象在 Django 中没有属性 'get_by_natural_key' 错误？

AttributeError: 'Manager' object has no attribute 'get_by_natural_key' error in Django?

提问by pynovice

I am using Django '1.5c1'. I have this line in my settings.py:

我正在使用 Django '1.5c1'。我的 settings.py 中有这一行：

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'fileupload.galaxyuser'

Here's my Galaxyusermodel:

这是我的Galaxyuser模型：

class GalaxyUser(models.Model):
    id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    update_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    email = models.CharField(max_length=765)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=120)
    external = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    deleted = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    purged = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=765, blank=True)
    form_values_id = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    disk_usage = models.DecimalField(null=True, max_digits=16, decimal_places=0, blank=True)
    class Meta:
        db_table = u'galaxy_user'

I want to authenticate from Galaxyuser model. However when I login I am getting this error:

我想从 Galaxyuser 模型进行身份验证。但是，当我登录时，出现此错误：

AttributeError: 'Manager' object has no attribute 'get_by_natural_key'

What am I doing wrong?

我究竟做错了什么？

Edit:Traceback:

编辑：Traceback:

Traceback:
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
  115.                         response = callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/home/zurelsoft/workspace/genalytics/fileupload/backend.py" in login_backend
  26.         user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/contrib/auth/__init__.py" in authenticate
  59.             user = backend.authenticate(**credentials)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/contrib/auth/backends.py" in authenticate
  16.             user = UserModel.objects.get_by_natural_key(username)

Exception Type: AttributeError at /login_backend/
Exception Value: 'Manager' object has no attribute 'get_by_natural_key'

采纳答案by Simeon Visser

You have created a new user model but you have not yet specified a manager for that model. If you're not yet familiar with managers in Django I suggest reading the documentation on thatfirst. As the Django 1.5 say (source):

您已创建新的用户模型，但尚未为该模型指定管理员。如果您还不熟悉 Django 中的管理器，我建议您先阅读相关文档。正如 Django 1.5 所说（来源）：

You should also define a custom manager for your User model. If your User model defines username and email fields the same as Django's default User, you can just install Django's UserManager; however, if your User model defines different fields, you will need to define a custom manager that extends BaseUserManager providing two additional methods: create_user()and create_superuser().

您还应该为您的 User 模型定义一个自定义管理器。如果你的 User 模型定义了与 Django 的默认 User 相同的 username 和 email 字段，你可以只安装 Django 的 UserManager；但是，如果您的 User 模型定义了不同的字段，您将需要定义一个自定义管理器来扩展 BaseUserManager 并提供两个额外的方法：create_user()和create_superuser()。

In short, if your model uses the same username and email fields as Django's Usermodel then you can write:

简而言之，如果您的模型使用与 DjangoUser模型相同的用户名和电子邮件字段，那么您可以编写：

from django.contrib.auth.models import UserManager

class GalaxyUser(models.Model):
    id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    update_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    email = models.CharField(max_length=765)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=120)
    external = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    deleted = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    purged = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=765, blank=True)
    form_values_id = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    disk_usage = models.DecimalField(null=True, max_digits=16, decimal_places=0, blank=True)

    objects = UserManager()

    class Meta:
        db_table = u'galaxy_user'

Alternatively, you'll need to subclass BaseUserManager(also in django.contrib.auth.models) and implement the desired methods. Then, you'll need to assign it to the objectsvariable for your model.

或者，您需要子类化BaseUserManager（也在 中django.contrib.auth.models）并实现所需的方法。然后，您需要将其分配给objects模型的变量。