C++ 在 CMake 中添加多个可执行文件
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Adding multiple executables in CMake
提问by ssb
My code in a C++ project is organised as follows
我在一个C++项目中的代码组织如下
- I have several
.cppand.hfiles which contains my classes - I have several
.cxxfiles which have to be compiled against the.cppfiles and some external libraries.
- 我有几个
.cpp和.h文件，其中包含我的班 - 我有几个
.cxx文件必须针对这些.cpp文件和一些外部库进行编译。
Now, each of the .cxxfiles have a main()method, so I need to add a different executable for each of these files having the same name as the file.
现在，每个.cxx文件都有一个main()方法，所以我需要为每个与文件同名的文件添加一个不同的可执行文件。
Also, these .cxxfiles might not get linked to the same external libraries.
此外，这些.cxx文件可能不会链接到相同的外部库。
I want to write this build in CMake, in which I am kind of a newbie, how do I go about this?
我想在 CMake 中编写这个构建，我是一个新手，我该怎么做？
回答by André
My suggestion is to tackle this in two phases:
我的建议是分两个阶段解决这个问题：
- Build a library from the
.cppand.hfiles, usingadd_library - Iterate through all your
.cxxfiles and create an executable from each, usingadd_executableandforeach
- 从
.cpp和.h文件构建一个库，使用add_library - 遍历所有
.cxx文件并从每个文件创建一个可执行文件，使用add_executable和foreach
Build the library
建立图书馆
This could be something as simple as
这可能很简单
file( GLOB LIB_SOURCES lib/*.cpp )
file( GLOB LIB_HEADERS lib/*.h )
add_library( YourLib ${LIB_SOURCES} ${LIB_HEADERS} )
Build all the executables
构建所有可执行文件
Simply loop over all the .cpp files and create separate executables.
只需循环遍历所有 .cpp 文件并创建单独的可执行文件。
# If necessary, use the RELATIVE flag, otherwise each source file may be listed
# with full pathname. RELATIVE may makes it easier to extract an executable name
# automatically.
# file( GLOB APP_SOURCES RELATIVE app/*.cxx )
file( GLOB APP_SOURCES app/*.cxx )
foreach( testsourcefile ${APP_SOURCES} )
# I used a simple string replace, to cut off .cpp.
string( REPLACE ".cpp" "" testname ${testsourcefile} )
add_executable( ${testname} ${testsourcefile} )
# Make sure YourLib is linked to each app
target_link_libraries( ${testname} YourLib )
endforeach( testsourcefile ${APP_SOURCES} )
Some warnings:
一些警告：
file( GLOB )is usually not recommended, because CMake will not automatically rebuild if a new file is added. I used it here, because I do not know your sourcefiles.- In some situations, source-files may be found with a full pathname. If necessary, use the RELATIVE flag for
find( GLOB ... ). - Manually setting the source-files requires a change to CMakeLists.txt, which triggers a rebuild. See this questionfor the (dis-)advantages of globbing.
- I generated the testname using a
string( REPLACE ... ). I could have used get_filename_componentwith theNAME_WEflag.
file( GLOB )通常不推荐，因为如果添加新文件，CMake 不会自动重建。我在这里使用它，因为我不知道你的源文件。- 在某些情况下，可能会找到带有完整路径名的源文件。如有必要，请为 使用RELATIVE 标志
find( GLOB ... )。 - 手动设置源文件需要更改 CMakeLists.txt，这会触发重建。请参阅此问题以了解通配的 (dis-) 优势。
- 我使用
string( REPLACE ... ). 我本可以使用带有标志的get_filename_componentNAME_WE。
Concerning "general" CMake info, I advise you to read some of the broad "CMake Overview" questions already asked here on stackoverflow. E.g.:
关于“一般”CMake 信息，我建议您阅读这里已经在 stackoverflow 上提出的一些广泛的“CMake 概述”问题。例如：
