用于测试的嵌入式 H2 数据库的 Spring 配置
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Spring configuration for embedded H2 database for tests
提问by Hans-Peter St?rr
What does your Spring configuration for integration tests look like using an embedded h2 datasourceand, optionally, JUnit?
使用嵌入式 h2 数据源和可选的 JUnit进行集成测试的 Spring 配置是什么样的？
My first try with a SingleConnectionDataSourcebasically worked, but failed on more complicated tests where you need several connections at the same time or suspended transactions. I think h2 in tcp based server modemight work as well, but this is probably not the fastest communication mode for a temporary embedded database in memory.
我第一次尝试使用SingleConnectionDataSource基本上是有效的，但在更复杂的测试中失败了，因为你需要同时连接多个连接或挂起事务。我认为基于 tcp 的服务器模式下的h2也可能工作，但这可能不是内存中临时嵌入式数据库的最快通信模式。
What are the possibilities and their advantages / disadvantages? Also, how do you create the tables / populate the database?
有哪些可能性及其优点/缺点？另外，您如何创建表/填充数据库？
Update: Let's specify some concrete requirements that are important for such tests.
更新：让我们指定一些对此类测试很重要的具体要求。
- The database should be temporary and in memory
- The connection should probably not use tcp, for speed requirements
- It would be nice if I could use a database tool to inspect the content of the database during debugging
- We have to define a datasource since we can't use the application servers datasource in unit tests
- 数据库应该是临时的并且在内存中
- 为了速度要求，连接可能不应该使用 tcp
- 如果我可以在调试期间使用数据库工具检查数据库的内容，那就太好了
- 我们必须定义一个数据源，因为我们不能在单元测试中使用应用程序服务器数据源
回答by matsev
With the reservation that I do not know if there is any tool that can inspect the database, I think that a simple solution would be to use the Spring embedded database (3.1.x docs, current docs) which supports HSQL, H2, and Derby.
保留不知道有没有什么工具可以检查数据库，我认为一个简单的解决方案是使用支持HSQL、H2和Derby的Spring嵌入式数据库（3.1.x docs，current docs） .
Using H2, your xml configuration would look like the following:
使用 H2，您的 xml 配置将如下所示：
<jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2">
<jdbc:script location="classpath:db-schema.sql"/>
<jdbc:script location="classpath:db-test-data.sql"/>
</jdbc:embedded-database>
If you prefer Java based configuration, you can instantiate a DataSourcelike this (note that EmbeddedDataBaseextends DataSource):
如果你更喜欢基于 Java 的配置，你可以DataSource像这样实例化一个（注意EmbeddedDataBaseextends DataSource）：
@Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdown")
public EmbeddedDatabase dataSource() {
return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().
setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2).
addScript("db-schema.sql").
addScript("db-test-data.sql").
build();
}
The database tables are created by the db-schema.sqlscript and they are populated with test data from the db-test-data.sqlscript.
数据库表由db-schema.sql脚本创建，并用来自db-test-data.sql脚本的测试数据填充。
Don't forget to add the H2 database driver to your classpath.
不要忘记将 H2 数据库驱动程序添加到您的类路径中。
回答by Hans-Peter St?rr
I currently include in a test-only springconfig-file as a datasource:
我目前包含在一个仅用于测试的 springconfig 文件中作为数据源：
<bean id="database.dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.LazyConnectionDataSourceProxy">
<constructor-arg>
<bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="org.h2.Driver" />
<property name="url"
value="jdbc:h2:mem:testdb;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;MODE=Oracle;TRACE_LEVEL_SYSTEM_OUT=2" />
</bean>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- provides a H2 console to look into the db if necessary -->
<bean id="org.h2.tools.Server-WebServer" class="org.h2.tools.Server"
factory-method="createWebServer" depends-on="database.dataSource"
init-method="start" lazy-init="false">
<constructor-arg value="-web,-webPort,11111" />
</bean>
Creating / dropping the tables can be done by using executeSqlScript when overriding AbstractAnnotationAwareTransactionalTests.onSetUpBeforeTransaction, or with SimpleJdbcTestUtils.executeSqlScriptin an appropriate place.
创建/删除表可以通过在覆盖AbstractAnnotationAwareTransactionalTests.onSetUpBeforeTransaction时使用 executeSqlScript或在适当的位置使用SimpleJdbcTestUtils.executeSqlScript来完成。
Compare also this posting.
也比较这个帖子。
回答by ejboy
H2 is bundled with a built-in connection pool implementation. The following XML provides an example of using it as a Datasource bean without a need to introduce additional dependencies on DBCP or C3P0:
H2 与内置连接池实现捆绑在一起。以下 XML 提供了将其用作数据源 bean 的示例，而无需引入对 DBCP 或 C3P0 的其他依赖项：
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcConnectionPool" destroy-method="dispose">
<constructor-arg>
<bean class="org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource">
<property name="URL" value="jdbc:h2:dbname"/>
<property name="user" value="user"/>
<property name="password" value="password"/>
</bean>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
The database will be shut down by calling a dispose method when Spring application context closes.
当 Spring 应用程序上下文关闭时，将通过调用 dispose 方法关闭数据库。
回答by Bozho
I think it's best to use your production DataSource implementation (only with different connection-string) for the unit-tests.
我认为最好将您的生产数据源实现（仅使用不同的连接字符串）用于单元测试。
Anyway "failed on more complicated tests" doesn't give enough information for a more detailed answer.
无论如何，“在更复杂的测试中失败”并没有为更详细的答案提供足够的信息。
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（自我广告：检查这个）
