Linux shell中基于正则表达式的颜色高亮输出

Colour highlighting output based on regex in shell

提问by Joel

I'd like to know if I can colour highlight the output of a shell command that matches certain strings.

我想知道是否可以突出显示与某些字符串匹配的 shell 命令的输出。

For example, if I run myCommand, with the output below:

例如，如果我运行 myCommand，输出如下：

> myCommand
DEBUG foo bar
INFO bla bla
ERROR yak yak

I'd like all lines matching ^ERROR\s.* to be highlighted red.

我希望所有与 ^ERROR\s.* 匹配的行都以红色突出显示。

Similarly, I'd like the same highlighting to be applied to the output of grep, less etc...

同样，我希望将相同的突出显示应用于 grep、less 等的输出...

EDIT: I probably should mention that ideally I'd like to enable this feature globally via a 'profile' option in my .bashrc.

编辑：我可能应该提到，理想情况下，我想通过我的 .bashrc 中的“配置文件”选项全局启用此功能。

采纳答案by Gilles 'SO- stop being evil'

If you want to enable this globally, you'll want a terminal feature, not a process that you pipe output into, because a pipe would be disruptive to some command (two problems are that stdout and stderr would appear out-of-order and buffered, and that some commands just behave differently when outputting to a terminal).

如果要全局启用此功能，则需要终端功能，而不是通过管道将输出传输到的进程，因为管道会破坏某些命令（两个问题是 stdout 和 stderr 会出现乱序和缓冲，并且某些命令在输出到终端时的行为有所不同）。

I don't know of any “conventional” terminal with this feature. It's easily done in Emacs, in a termbuffer: configure font-lock-keywordsfor term-mode.

我不知道有任何具有此功能的“传统”终端。这很容易在 Emacs 中完成，在term缓冲区中：configure font-lock-keywordsfor term-mode.

However, you should think carefully whether you really want that feature all the time. What if the command has its own colors (e.g. grep --color, ls --color)? Maybe it would be better to define a short alias to a colorizer commandand run myCommand 2>&1|cwhen you want to colorize myCommand's output. You could also alias some specific always-colorize commands.

但是，您应该仔细考虑是否真的一直想要该功能。如果命令有自己的颜色（例如grep --color, ls --color）怎么办？也许最好为colorizer 命令定义一个简短的别名，并myCommand 2>&1|c在您想要为myCommand输出着色时运行。您还可以为某些特定的 always-colorize 命令设置别名。

Note that the return status of a pipeline is its lastcommand, so if you run myCommand | c, you'll get the status of c, not myCommand. Here's a bash wrapper that avoids this problem, which you can use as w myCommand:

请注意，管道的返回状态是它的最后一个命令，因此如果您运行myCommand | c，您将获得 的状态c，而不是myCommand。这是避免此问题的 bash 包装器，您可以将其用作w myCommand：

w () {
  "$@" | c
  return $PIPESTATUS[0]
}

回答by Benoit

You could try (maybe needs a bit more escaping):

您可以尝试（可能需要更多的转义）：

BLUE="$(tput setaf 4)"
BLACK="$(tput sgr0)"
command | sed "s/^ERROR /${BLUE}ERROR ${BLACK}/g"

回答by Paused until further notice.

You can use programs such as:

您可以使用以下程序：

• spc (Supercat)
• grc (Generic Colouriser)
• highlight
• histring
• pygmentize
• grep --color

• spc（超级猫）
• grc（通用着色器）
• 强调
• 字符串
• 色素沉着
• grep --color

You can do something like this, but the commands won't see a tty (some will refuse to run or behave differently or do weird things):

你可以做这样的事情，但命令不会看到 tty（有些会拒绝运行或表现不同或做奇怪的事情）：

exec > >(histring -fEi error)    # Bash

回答by dietbuddha

You could probably enable it for specific commands using aliases and user defined shell functions wihtout too much trouble. If your coloring errors I assume you want to process stderr. Since stderr in unbuffered you would probably want to line buffer it by sending through a fifo.

您可能可以使用别名和用户定义的 shell 函数为特定命令启用它，而不会带来太多麻烦。如果您的着色错误，我假设您要处理 stderr。由于 stderr 在无缓冲中，您可能希望通过发送 fifo 来对它进行行缓冲。

回答by E.Z.

There is an answer in superuser.com:

在superuser.com 中有一个答案：

your-command | grep -E --color 'pattern|$'

or

或者

your-command | grep --color 'pattern\|$'

This will "match your pattern or the end-of-line on each line. Only the pattern is highlighted..."

这将“匹配您的模式或每行的行尾。仅突出显示该模式......”

回答by userM1433372

Try

尝试

tail -f yourfile.log | egrep --color 'DEBUG|'

where DEBUG is the text you want to highlight.

其中 DEBUG 是您要突出显示的文本。

回答by Bush

You can use the hl command avalaible on github :
git clone http://github.com/mbornet-hl/hl

您可以在 github 上使用 hl 命令：
git clone http://github.com/mbornet-hl/hl

Then :
myCommand | hl -r '^ERROR.*'

然后：
myCommand | hl -r '^错误。*'

You can use the $HOME/.hl.cfg configuration file to simplify the command line.
hl is written in C (source is available). You can use up to 42 differents colors of text.

您可以使用 $HOME/.hl.cfg 配置文件来简化命令行。
hl 是用 C 编写的（源代码可用）。您最多可以使用 42 种不同颜色的文本。

回答by skensell

Use awk.

使用awk。

 COLORIZE_AWK_COMMAND='{ print 
... | awk "$COLORIZE_AWK_COMMAND"
 }'
 if [ -n "$COLORIZE" ]; then
     COLORIZE_AWK_COMMAND='
     /pattern1/ { printf "3[1;30m" }
     /pattern2/ { printf "3[1;31m" }
     // { print ##代码## "3[0m"; }'
 fi

then later you can pipe your output

然后你可以通过管道输出

##代码##

printf is used in the patterns so we don't print a newline, just set the color.

printf 用于模式中，因此我们不打印换行符，只需设置颜色。