C语言 大小为 8、C Valgrind、字符串数组的写入无效

Invalid write of size 8, C Valgrind, string arrays

提问by user3321556

I have been using both valgrind and gdb and I can not quite figure out what the problem is. It hops around too much for me to really trace it down in gdb, and in valgrind I don't have enough information. Here is my makeargv function, which is putting strings outputted from strtok() into arrays. makeargv is called from the below parse function. I'm not sure where I'm going wrong. I would really appreciate the help :D.

我一直在使用 valgrind 和 gdb，但我不太清楚问题是什么。它跳来跳去太多了，我无法在 gdb 中真正追踪它，而在 valgrind 中，我没有足够的信息。这是我的 makeargv 函数，它将 strtok() 输出的字符串放入数组中。makeargv 从下面的解析函数调用。我不确定我哪里出错了。我真的很感激帮助:D。

Just an FYI I'm really new to all this malloc'ing and don't really understand the concept as well as I would like. I'm not sure when specifically I should be mallocing. I feel like since here I am mainly setting constant values I don't have to be, but I'm wondering why it won't work.

仅供参考，我对所有这些 malloc'ing 真的很陌生，并且并不像我想要的那样真正理解这个概念。我不确定我应该在什么时候进行 mallocing。我觉得从这里开始我主要设置我不必的常量值，但我想知道为什么它不起作用。

makeargv function

makeargv 函数

int makeargv(const char *string, char **argvp) {
    int i = 0;
    int numtokens = 0;
    const char *copy;
    char *buffer = malloc(160*sizeof(char));

    if ((string == NULL) || (delims == NULL) || (argvp == NULL)) {
      return -1;
    }

    argvp = NULL;
    copy = string + strspn(string, delims);
    if ((buffer = malloc(strlen(copy) + 1)) == NULL) {
      return -1;
    }
    strcpy(buffer, copy);
    numtokens = 0;
    if (strtok(buffer, delims) != NULL) {
      for (numtokens = 1; strtok(NULL, delims) != NULL; numtokens++);
    }

    if ((argvp = malloc((numtokens + 2)*sizeof(int))) == NULL) {
      free(buffer);
      return -1;
    }

    if (numtokens == 0) {
      free(buffer);
    }
    else {
      strcpy(buffer, copy);
      *argvp = malloc(16);
      *argvp = strtok(buffer, delims);

      for (i = 2; i < (numtokens*2); i += 2) {
      *(argvp + i) = strtok(NULL, delims);
      //printf("%s\n", strtok(NULL, delims)); /*When I run this the tokens come out
      correctly so I know it isn't a problem with strtok */
  }
}

//  *((argvp) + numtokens) = NULL;
free(buffer);
return numtokens;
}

Parse function

解析函数

void parse_file(char* filename) {
    char* line = malloc(160*sizeof(char));
    FILE* fp = file_open(filename);
    int i = 0;

    while((line = file_getline(line, fp)) != NULL) {
      char** results = malloc(16*10*sizeof(char));

      if (strlen(line) == 1){
        continue;
      }

      if ((i = makeargv(line, results)) == -1){
        printf("ERROR SOMEWHERE IN MAKEARGV");
        continue;
      } 
    }

    fclose(fp);
    free(line);
}

valgrind output

valgrind 输出

==7309== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==7309== Copyright (C) 2002-2011, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==7309== Using Valgrind-3.7.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==7309== Command: ./custmake
==7309== 
==7309== Invalid write of size 8
==7309==    at 0x400C23: makeargv (main.c:62)
==7309==    by 0x400CD4: parse_file (main.c:120)
==7309==    by 0x400DFF: main (main.c:172)
==7309==  Address 0x51f25c0 is 16 bytes inside a block of size 20 alloc'd
==7309==    at 0x4C2B6CD: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==7309==    by 0x400B76: makeargv (main.c:49)
==7309==    by 0x400CD4: parse_file (main.c:120)
==7309==    by 0x400DFF: main (main.c:172)
==7309== 
==7309== Use of uninitialised value of size 8
==7309==    at 0x4C2BFC2: __GI_strlen (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==7309==    by 0x4EA2CEB: puts (ioputs.c:37)
==7309==    by 0x400D09: parse_file (main.c:128)
==7309==    by 0x400DFF: main (main.c:172)
==7309== 
==7309== Invalid read of size 1
==7309==    at 0x4C2BFC2: __GI_strlen (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==7309==    by 0x4EA2CEB: puts (ioputs.c:37)
==7309==    by 0x400D09: parse_file (main.c:128)
==7309==    by 0x400DFF: main (main.c:172)
==7309==  Address 0x0 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd
==7309== 
==7309== 
==7309== Process terminating with default action of signal 11 (SIGSEGV)
==7309==  Access not within mapped region at address 0x0
==7309==    at 0x4C2BFC2: __GI_strlen (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==7309==    by 0x4EA2CEB: puts (ioputs.c:37)
==7309==    by 0x400D09: parse_file (main.c:128)
==7309==    by 0x400DFF: main (main.c:172)
==7309==  If you believe this happened as a result of a stack
==7309==  overflow in your program's main thread (unlikely but
==7309==  possible), you can try to increase the size of the
==7309==  main thread stack using the --main-stacksize= flag.
==7309==  The main thread stack size used in this run was 8388608.
==7309== 
==7309== HEAP SUMMARY:
==7309==     in use at exit: 1,084 bytes in 6 blocks
==7309==   total heap usage: 7 allocs, 1 frees, 1,100 bytes allocated
==7309== 
==7309== 16 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 6
==7309==    at 0x4C2B6CD: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==7309==    by 0x400BCB: makeargv (main.c:59)
==7309==    by 0x400CD4: parse_file (main.c:120)
==7309==    by 0x400DFF: main (main.c:172)
==7309== 
==7309== 20 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 2 of 6
==7309==    at 0x4C2B6CD: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==7309==    by 0x400B76: makeargv (main.c:49)
==7309==    by 0x400CD4: parse_file (main.c:120)
==7309==    by 0x400DFF: main (main.c:172)
==7309== 
==7309== 160 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 5 of 6
==7309==    at 0x4C2B6CD: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==7309==    by 0x400A6E: makeargv (main.c:32)
==7309==    by 0x400CD4: parse_file (main.c:120)
==7309==    by 0x400DFF: main (main.c:172)
==7309== 
==7309== LEAK SUMMARY:
==7309==    definitely lost: 196 bytes in 3 blocks
==7309==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==7309==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==7309==    still reachable: 888 bytes in 3 blocks
==7309==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==7309== Reachable blocks (those to which a pointer was found) are not shown.
==7309== To see them, rerun with: --leak-check=full --show-reachable=yes
==7309== 
==7309== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==7309== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialised values come from
==7309== ERROR SUMMARY: 7 errors from 6 contexts (suppressed: 2 from 2)
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

回答by TomH

Your argvpvariable in makeargvis an array of pointers, but when you allocate he memory for it you use sizeof(int)which will only be four bytes on a 64 bit system, while pointers will be 8 bytes.

你的argvp变量 inmakeargv是一个指针数组，但是当你为它分配内存时，你使用的内存sizeof(int)在 64 位系统上只有四个字节，而指针将是 8 个字节。

As a result you write beyond the end of the array - that's why it reports you writing 8 bytes at offset 16 of a 20 byte block, which therefore overlaps the end of the block by 4 bytes.

因此，您写入超出了数组的末尾 - 这就是为什么它报告您在 20 字节块的偏移量 16 处写入 8 个字节，因此与块的末尾重叠 4 个字节。

Use sizeof(char *)to get the correct size of a pointer when allocating the argvparray.

用于sizeof(char *)在分配argvp数组时获取指针的正确大小。