Bash：sudo：找不到命令
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Bash: sudo: command not found
提问by adhg
I have an up and running containers and I wish to execute a database backup. Apparently, a simple command from the docker such as: sudo mkdir new_folderresult in: bash: sudo: command not found
我有一个正在运行的容器，我希望执行数据库备份。显然，来自 docker 的一个简单命令，例如：sudo mkdir new_folder导致：bash: sudo: command not found
What have I tried (on an intuitive level) I accessed one of the running container with docker exec -i -t 434a38fedd69/bin/bashand RUN
我尝试过什么（在直观层面上）我使用docker exec -i -t 434a38fedd69/bin/bashRUN访问了正在运行的容器之一
apt-get update
apt-get install sudo
when exit back to docker and tried to perform sudo mkdir new_folderbut I got the same message bash: sudo: command not found
当退出回到 docker 并尝试执行sudo mkdir new_folder但我收到相同的消息时bash: sudo: command not found
Baresp@adhg MINGW64 /c/Program Files/Docker Toolbox/postgre
$ mkdir new_folder
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘new_folder': Permission denied
Baresp@adhg MINGW64 /c/Program Files/Docker Toolbox/postgre
$ sudo mkdir new_folder
bash: sudo: command not found
BTW, I'm not sure if this is relevant but the docker-compose file I was using is:
顺便说一句，我不确定这是否相关，但我使用的 docker-compose 文件是：
version: '2'
services:
postgres:
image: postgres
environment:
POSTGRES_USER: postgres
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: changeme
PGDATA: /data/postgres
volumes:
- /data/postgres:/data/postgres
ports:
- "5432:5432"
networks:
- postgres
restart: unless-stopped
container_name: xx_postgres
pgadmin:
links:
- postgres:postgres
image: fenglc/pgadmin4
volumes:
- /data/pgadmin:/root/.pgadmin
ports:
- "5050:5050"
networks:
- postgres
restart: unless-stopped
container_name: xx_pgadmin
networks:
postgres:
driver: bridge
回答by Mark Reed
First, nothing you do in a docker execis persistent outside of that particular running container (copy of the image), so if you want future containers run from that image to include sudo, those apt-getcommands need to go into the Dockerfile that builds the image. Which, since you're using docker-compose, would require you to first make a Dockerfile and specify its location in the YAML.
首先，您在 a 中所做的任何事情都不会在docker exec该特定运行的容器（映像的副本）之外是持久的，因此如果您希望将来从该映像运行的容器包含sudo，则这些apt-get命令需要进入构建映像的 Dockerfile。由于您使用的是docker-compose，因此需要您首先创建一个 Dockerfile 并在 YAML 中指定其位置。
Second, what do you mean "exit back to docker"? Nothing you do inside a container is going to have any effect on the system that Docker itself is running on, but it looks like you're running software install commands inside a Docker container and then expecting that to result in the newly-installed software being available outside the container on the Windows system that is running Docker.
其次，“退出回到docker”是什么意思？您在容器内所做的任何事情都不会对运行 Docker 本身的系统产生任何影响，但看起来您正在 Docker 容器内运行软件安装命令，然后期望这会导致新安装的软件被在运行 Docker 的 Windows 系统上的容器外部可用。
回答by Alwinius
To do a backup of the postgres database in the container, you first have to enter the container (similar to how you do it):
要做容器中postgres数据库的备份，首先要进入容器（和你做的方式类似）：
docker exec -it postgres bash
(substitude postgres with the real container name you get from docker-compose ps)
Now you are in the container as root. That means, you don't need sudo for anything. Next create your backup folder:
（substitude postgres 与您从中获得的真实容器名称docker-compose ps）现在您以 root 身份在容器中。这意味着，你不需要 sudo 任何东西。接下来创建您的备份文件夹：
mkdir /tmp/backup
Now run the backup command, from a quick Google I found the following (you might know better):
现在运行备份命令，从快速谷歌我发现以下（你可能更清楚）：
pg_dumpall > /tmp/backup/filename
Then exit the shell within the container by typing exit. From your host system run the following to copy the backup file out of the container:
然后通过键入 exit 退出容器内的 shell。从您的主机系统运行以下命令以将备份文件复制出容器：
docker cp postgres:/tmp/backup/filename .
(postgres is your container name again)
（postgres 又是你的容器名）
