Linux 连接文件并在文件之间插入新行
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Concatenating Files And Insert New Line In Between Files
提问by neversaint
I have multiple files which I want to concat with cat.
Let's say
我有多个文件要与cat. 让我们说
File1.txt
foo
File2.txt
bar
File3.txt
qux
I want to concat so that the final file looks like:
我想连接以便最终文件看起来像：
foo
bar
qux
Instead of this with usual cat File*.txt > finalfile.txt
而不是这与通常 cat File*.txt > finalfile.txt
foo
bar
qux
What's the right way to do it?
正确的做法是什么？
采纳答案by codaddict
You can do:
你可以做：
for f in *.txt; do (cat "${f}"; echo) >> finalfile.txt; done
Make sure the file finalfile.txtdoes not exist before you run the above command.
finalfile.txt在运行上述命令之前，请确保该文件不存在。
If you are allowed to use awkyou can do:
如果您被允许使用，awk您可以：
awk 'FNR==1{print ""}1' *.txt > finalfile.txt
回答by Flexo
If it were me doing it I'd use sed:
如果是我这样做，我会使用 sed：
sed -e '$s/$/\n/' -s *.txt > finalfile.txt
In this sed pattern $ has two meanings, firstly it matches the last line number only (as a range of lines to apply a pattern on) and secondly it matches the end of the line in the substitution pattern.
在这个 sed 模式中 $ 有两个含义，首先它只匹配最后一行号（作为应用模式的行范围），其次它匹配替换模式中的行尾。
If your version of sed doesn't have -s(process input files separately) you can do it all as a loop though:
如果您的 sed 版本没有-s（单独处理输入文件），您可以将其全部作为循环执行：
for f in *.txt ; do sed -e '$s/$/\n/' $f ; done > finalfile.txt
回答by Robert Tupelo-Schneck
If you have few enough files that you can list each one, then you can use process substitutionin Bash, inserting a newline between each pair of files:
如果您有足够的文件来列出每个文件，那么您可以在 Bash 中使用进程替换，在每对文件之间插入一个换行符：
cat File1.txt <(echo) File2.txt <(echo) File3.txt > finalfile.txt
回答by lbrutti
That's how I just did it on OsX 10.10.3
这就是我在 OsX 10.10.3 上所做的
for f in *.txt; do (cat $f; echo '') >> fullData.txt; done
since the simple 'echo' command with no params ended up in no new lines inserted.
因为没有参数的简单“echo”命令最终没有插入新行。
回答by user3780389
This works in Bash:
这适用于 Bash：
for f in *.txt; do cat $f; echo; done
In contrast to answers with >>(append), the output of this command can be piped into other programs.
与>>(append) 的答案相反，此命令的输出可以通过管道传输到其他程序中。
Examples:
例子：
for f in File*.txt; do cat $f; echo; done > finalfile.txt(for ... done) > finalfile.txt(parens are optional)for ... done | less(piping into less)for ... done | head -n -1(this strips off the trailing blank line)
for f in File*.txt; do cat $f; echo; done > finalfile.txt(for ... done) > finalfile.txt（括号是可选的）for ... done | less（管道少）for ... done | head -n -1（这会去掉尾随的空白行）
回答by user3780389
In python, this concatenates with blank lines between files (the ,suppresses adding an extra trailing blank line):
在 python 中，这与文件之间的空行连接（,抑制添加额外的尾随空行）：
print '\n'.join(open(f).read() for f in filenames),
Here is the ugly python one-liner that can be called from the shell and prints the output to a file:
这是丑陋的 python one-liner，可以从 shell 调用并将输出打印到文件：
python -c "from sys import argv; print '\n'.join(open(f).read() for f in argv[1:])," File*.txt > finalfile.txt
回答by Nick Roz
You may do it using xargsif you like, but the main idea is still the same:
xargs如果你愿意，你可以使用它，但主要思想仍然相同：
find *.txt | xargs -I{} sh -c "cat {}; echo ''" > finalfile.txt
