类型错误：需要一个类似字节的对象，而不是“str”-python 2 到 3
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时间：2020-08-19 17:04:02 来源:igfitidea点击:
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str' - python 2 to 3
提问by Lasheen Lartey
Hi I am having trouble with this error message. I am new to Python and this Python2 and Python3 is a hassle. I'm not sure what to do here, the error message is as shown below.
嗨，我遇到了此错误消息的问题。我是 Python 新手，这个 Python2 和 Python3 很麻烦。我不知道在这里做什么，错误信息如下所示。
Using Ticker: AAPL
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "realtime.py", line 18, in <module>
r=requests.get(auth_url, headers={"Authorization": "Basic %s" % base64.b64encode(os.environ['INTRINIO_USER'] + ":" + os.environ['INTRINIO_PASSWORD'])})
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\base64.py", line 58, in b64encode
encoded = binascii.b2a_base64(s, newline=False)
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
The code I am using is as shown below.
我正在使用的代码如下所示。
import websocket
import _thread
import time
import requests
import base64
import json
import sys
import os
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
try:
print ("Using Ticker: " + str(sys.argv[1]))
except:
print ("Please include ticker as first argument")
sys.exit()
auth_url = "https://realtime.intrinio.com/auth";
r=requests.get(auth_url, headers={"Authorization": "Basic %s" % base64.b64encode(os.environ['INTRINIO_USER'] + ":" + os.environ['INTRINIO_PASSWORD'])})
socket_target = "wss://realtime.intrinio.com/socket/websocket?token=%s" % (r.text)
def on_message(ws, message):
try:
result = json.loads(message)
print (result["payload"])
except:
print (message)
def on_error(ws, error):
print ("###ERROR### " + error)
def on_close(ws):
print ("###CONNECTION CLOSED###")
def on_open(ws):
def run(*args):
security = "iex:securities:" + str(sys.argv[1]).upper()
message = json.dumps({"topic": security,"event": "phx_join","payload": {},"ref": "1"})
ws.send(message)
thread.start_new_thread(run, ())
websocket.enableTrace(True)
ws = websocket.WebSocketApp(socket_target, on_message = on_message, on_error = on_error, on_close = on_close)
ws.on_open = on_open
ws.run_forever()
回答by stamaimer
You should encode strinto bytes.
你应该编码str成bytes.
data_string = os.environ['INTRINIO_USER'] + ":" + os.environ['INTRINIO_PASSWORD']
data_bytes = data_string.encode("utf-8")
base64.b64encode(data_bytes)
