如何在Ubuntu 20.04上安装OpenCV
时间：2020-02-23 14:38:43 来源:igfitidea点击:
OpenCV是一种开源，高度优化的计算机视觉库，用于图像处理的各种应用。
该项目由一个大型开发人员和用户支持。
OpenCV具有许多内置图像处理功能，可轻松启动，并使用已加班的文档开始。
在本教程中，我们将通过用于在Ubuntu 20.04 Linux系统上安装OpenCV的步骤。
OpenCV使用模块化结构开发，以允许特征扩展。
在Ubuntu 20.04上安装OpenCV
我们可以在预构建的二进制文件上安装OpenCV 20.04，或者如果我们需要软件的流放边缘版本，请建立源代码所需的软件包。
我们将向我们展示这两种方法，以便我们可以选择最适合方式。
方法1：从预构建的二进制文件中安装Ubuntu 20.04上的OpenCV
更新Ubuntu系统以获得最新的包。
sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade
如果我们有任何内核更新，请考虑执行系统重新启动。
sudo systemctl reboot
系统备份后，使用下面的命令安装OpenCV Python包。
sudo apt update sudo apt install python3-opencv
我们将看到要安装的长期软件包列表，只需点击y键即可继续安装。
..... The following NEW packages will be installed: adwaita-icon-theme fontconfig fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core gdal-data gtk-update-icon-cache hicolor-icon-theme humanity-icon-theme libaec0 libaom0 libarchive13 libarmadillo9 libarpack2 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libatk1.0-0 libatk1.0-data libatspi2.0-0 libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libavcodec58 libavformat58 libavutil56 libblas3 libbluray2 libcairo-gobject2 libcairo2 libcfitsio8 libcharls2 libchromaprint1 libcodec2-0.9 libcolord2 libcups2 libcurl3-gnutls libdap25 libdapclient6v5 libdatrie1 libdc1394-22 libdrm-amdgpu1 libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libepoxy0 libepsilon1 libevent-2.1-7 libevent-core-2.1-7 libevent-pthreads-2.1-7 libfabric1 libfontconfig1 libfreexl1 libfyba0 libgdal26 libgdcm3.0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgeos-3.8.0 libgeos-c1v5 libgeotiff5 libgfortran5 libgif7 libgl1 libgl1-mesa-dri libgl2ps1.4 libglapi-mesa libglvnd0 libglx-mesa0 libglx0 libgme0 libgomp1 libgraphite2-3 libgsm1 libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-common libharfbuzz0b libhdf4-0-alt libhdf5-103 libhdf5-openmpi-103 libhwloc-plugins libhwloc15 libibverbs1 libice6 libilmbase24 libjbig0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libjson-glib-1.0-0 libjson-glib-1.0-common libjsoncpp1 libkmlbase1 libkmldom1 libkmlengine1 liblapack3 liblcms2-2 liblept5 libllvm9 libminizip1 libmp3lame0 libmpg123-0 libmysqlclient21 libnetcdf-c++4 libnetcdf15 libnl-route-3-200 libnspr4 libnss3 libodbc1 libogdi4.1 libopencv-calib3d4.2 libopencv-contrib4.2 libopencv-core4.2 libopencv-dnn4.2 libopencv-features2d4.2 libopencv-flann4.2 libopencv-highgui4.2 libopencv-imgcodecs4.2 libopencv-imgproc4.2 libopencv-ml4.2 libopencv-objdetect4.2 libopencv-photo4.2 libopencv-shape4.2 libopencv-stitching4.2 libopencv-superres4.2 libopencv-video4.2 libopencv-videoio4.2 libopencv-videostab4.2 libopencv-viz4.2 libopenexr24 libopenjp2-7 libopenmpi3 libopenmpt0 libopus0 liborc-0.4-0 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libpmix2 libpoppler97 libpq5 libproj15 libprotobuf17 libpsm-infinipath1 libpsm2-2 libqhull7 libquadmath0 libraw1394-11 librdmacm1 librest-0.7-0 librsvg2-2 librsvg2-common libsensors-config libsensors5 libshine3 libsm6 libsnappy1v5 libsocket++1 libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsoxr0 libspatialite7 libspeex1 libssh-gcrypt-4 libsuperlu5 libswresample3 libswscale5 libsz2 libtbb2 libtesseract4 libthai-data libthai0 libtheora0 libtiff5 libtwolame0 liburiparser1 libva-drm2 libva-x11-2 libva2 libvdpau1 libvorbisenc2 libvpx6 libvtk6.3 libvulkan1 libwavpack1 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-egl1 libwebp6 libwebpmux3 libx11-6 libx11-data libx11-xcb1 libx264-155 libx265-179 libxau6 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb1 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxdmcp6 libxerces-c3.2 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxi6 libxinerama1 libxkbcommon0 libxnvctrl0 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxshmfence1 libxt6 libxvidcore4 libxxf86vm1 libzvbi-common libzvbi0 mysql-common ocl-icd-libopencl1 odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 proj-data python3-numpy python3-opencv ubuntu-mono x11-common 0 upgraded, 230 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 131 MB of archives. After this operation, 766 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
确认在Ubuntu 20.04上安装OpenCV。
$python3 Python 3.8.2 (default, Apr 27 2017, 15:53:34) [GCC 9.3.0] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import cv2 as cv >>> print(cv.__version__) 4.2.0
如果我们在没有任何错误的情况下打印出结果，则意味着我们已在Ubuntu 20.04上成功安装OpenCV。
方法2：通过从源代码安装Ubuntu 20.04上的OpenCV
使用第一种方法，它不保证我们将获得Ubuntu 20.04计算机上安装的最新版本的OpenCV。
替代方法正在从源代码构建它。
此方法工作需要许多依赖项。
安装所需的依赖项。
sudo apt update sudo apt install git gcc g++ ffmpeg cmake make python3-dev python3-numpy libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libpng-dev libjpeg-dev libopenexr-dev libtiff-dev libwebp-dev
从OpenCV的GitHub存储库下载最新的源。
cd ~/ git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git
要包括额外的模块，还可下载OpenCV的额外模块源。
cd ~/ git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git
创建构建目录：
cd ~/ cd opencv mkdir build cd build
随着我们构建OpenCV，我们将包含来自~/OpenCV_Contrib /模块的模块。
cmake -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib/modules ..
OpenCV配置输出示例。
..... -- -- GUI: -- GTK+: YES (ver 3.24.18) -- GThread : YES (ver 2.64.2) -- GtkGlExt: NO -- VTK support: NO -- -- Media I/O: -- ZLib: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so (ver 1.2.11) -- JPEG: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so (ver 80) -- WEBP: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwebp.so (ver encoder: 0x020e) -- PNG: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng.so (ver 1.6.37) -- TIFF: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtiff.so (ver 42/4.1.0) -- JPEG 2000: build Jasper (ver 1.900.1) -- OpenEXR: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libImath.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libIlmImf.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libIex.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libHalf.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libIlmThread.so (ver 2_3) -- HDR: YES -- SUNRASTER: YES -- PXM: YES -- PFM: YES -- -- Video I/O: -- DC1394: NO -- FFMPEG: YES -- avcodec: YES (58.54.100) -- avformat: YES (58.29.100) -- avutil: YES (56.31.100) -- swscale: YES (5.5.100) -- avresample: NO -- GStreamer: YES (1.16.2) -- v4l/v4l2: YES (linux/videodev2.h) -- -- Parallel framework: pthreads -- -- Trace: YES (with Intel ITT) -- -- Other third-party libraries: -- Intel IPP: 2017.0.0 Gold [2017.0.0] -- at: /root/opencv/build/3rdparty/ippicv/ippicv_lnx/icv -- Intel IPP IW: sources (2017.0.0) -- at: /root/opencv/build/3rdparty/ippicv/ippicv_lnx/iw -- Lapack: NO -- Eigen: NO -- Custom HAL: NO -- Protobuf: build (3.5.1) -- -- OpenCL: YES (no extra features) -- Include path: /root/opencv/3rdparty/include/opencl/1.2 -- Link libraries: Dynamic load -- -- Python 3: -- Interpreter: /usr/bin/python3 (ver 3.8.2) -- Libraries: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.so (ver 3.8.2) -- numpy: /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/core/include (ver 1.17.4) -- install path: lib/python3.8/dist-packages/cv2/python-3.8 -- -- Python (for build): /usr/bin/python3 -- -- Java: -- ant: NO -- JNI: NO -- Java wrappers: NO -- Java tests: NO -- -- Install to: /usr/local -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /root/opencv/build
现在在Ubuntu 20.04上构建和安装OpenCV。
make -j $(nproc) sudo make install
耐心等待，安装需要几分钟。
...... Scanning dependencies of target example_tutorial_pointPolygonTest_demo [100%] Built target example_tutorial_generalContours_demo2 Scanning dependencies of target example_tutorial_cornerDetector_Demo [100%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_tutorial_pointPolygonTest_demo.dir/tutorial_code/ShapeDescriptors/pointPolygonTest_demo.cpp.o [100%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_tutorial_cornerDetector_Demo.dir/tutorial_code/TrackingMotion/cornerDetector_Demo.cpp.o [100%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/example_tutorial_porting_anisotropic_image_segmentation_gapi [100%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/example_cpp_dft [100%] Built target example_tutorial_porting_anisotropic_image_segmentation_gapi Scanning dependencies of target example_tutorial_periodic_noise_removing_filter [100%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_tutorial_periodic_noise_removing_filter.dir/tutorial_code/ImgProc/periodic_noise_removing_filter/periodic_noise_removing_filter.cpp.o [100%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/example_tutorial_cornerDetector_Demo [100%] Built target example_cpp_dft [100%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/example_tutorial_pointPolygonTest_demo Scanning dependencies of target example_tutorial_cornerSubPix_Demo [100%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_tutorial_cornerSubPix_Demo.dir/tutorial_code/TrackingMotion/cornerSubPix_Demo.cpp.o [100%] Built target example_tutorial_cornerDetector_Demo [100%] Built target example_tutorial_pointPolygonTest_demo [100%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/example_tutorial_cornerSubPix_Demo [100%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/example_tutorial_periodic_noise_removing_filter [100%] Built target example_tutorial_cornerSubPix_Demo [100%] Built target example_tutorial_periodic_noise_removing_filter ......... -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/lk_homography.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/lk_track.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/logpolar.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/morphology.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/mosse.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/mouse_and_match.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/mser.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/opencv_version.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/opt_flow.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/peopledetect.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/plane_ar.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/plane_tracker.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/qrcode.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/squares.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/stereo_match.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/stitching.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/stitching_detailed.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/text_skewness_correction.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/texture_flow.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/tst_scene_render.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/turing.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/video.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/video_threaded.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/video_v4l2.py -- Installing: /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python/watershed.py
所有文件都安装在"/usr/local/local /"目录中。
$python3 Python 3.8.2 (default, Apr 27 2017, 15:53:34) [GCC 9.3.0] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import cv2 as cv >>> print(cv.__version__) 4.3.0-dev
