用于删除目录中多个文件名末尾的“x”个字符的 Bash 脚本？
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Bash script to remove 'x' amount of characters the end of multiple filenames in a directory?
提问by user2600230
I have a list of file names in a directory (/path/to/local). I would like to remove a certain number of characters from all of those filenames.
我有一个目录 ( /path/to/local)中的文件名列表。我想从所有这些文件名中删除一定数量的字符。
Example filenames:
示例文件名：
iso1111_plane001_00321.moc1
iso1111_plane002_00321.moc1
iso2222_plane001_00123.moc1
In every filename I wish to remove the last 5 characters before the file extension.
在每个文件名中，我希望删除文件扩展名前的最后 5 个字符。
For example:
例如：
iso1111_plane001_.moc1
iso1111_plane002_.moc1
iso2222_plane001_.moc1
I believe this can be done using sed, but I cannot determine the exact coding. Something like...
我相信这可以使用 来完成sed，但我无法确定确切的编码。就像是...
for filename in /path/to/local/*.moc1; do
mv $filname $(echo $filename | sed -e 's/.....^//');
done
...but that does not work. Sorry if I butchered the sedoptions, I do not have much experience with it.
...但这不起作用。对不起，如果我屠杀了这些sed选项，我对此没有太多经验。
回答by Zoltán Haindrich
mv $filname $(echo $filename | sed -e 's/.....\.moc1$//');
or
或者
echo ${filename%%?????.moc1}.moc1
%% is a bash internal operator...
%% 是一个 bash 内部操作符...
回答by Cory Klein
This sedcommand will work for all the examples you gave.
此sed命令适用于您提供的所有示例。
sed -e 's/\(.*\)_.*\.moc1/_.moc1/'
However, if you just want to specifically "remove 5 characters before the last extension in a filename" this command is what you want:
但是，如果您只想专门“删除文件名中最后一个扩展名之前的 5 个字符”，则此命令就是您想要的：
sed -e 's/\(.*\)[0-9a-zA-Z]\{5\}\.\([^.]*\)/./'
You can implement this in your script like so:
您可以像这样在脚本中实现它：
for filename in /path/to/local/*.moc1; do
mv $filename "$(echo $filename | sed -e 's/\(.*\)[0-9a-zA-Z]\{5\}\.\([^.]*\)/./')";
done
First Command Explanation
第一个命令解释
The first sedcommand works by grabbing all characters until the first underscore: \(.*\)_
第一个sed命令的工作原理是抓取所有字符，直到第一个下划线：\(.*\)_
Then it discards all characters until it finds .moc1: .*\.moc1
然后它丢弃所有字符，直到找到.moc1：.*\.moc1
Then it replaces the text that it found with everything it grabbed at first inside the parenthesis: /\1
然后它用它最初在括号内抓取的所有内容替换它找到的文本： /\1
And finally adds the .moc1extension back on the end and ends the regex: .moc1/
最后.moc1在末尾添加扩展并结束正则表达式：.moc1/
Second Command Explanation
第二个命令解释
The second sedcommand works by grabbing all characters at first: \(.*\)
第二个sed命令首先抓取所有字符：\(.*\)
And then it is forced to stop grabbing characters so it can discard five characters, or more specifically, five characters that lie in the ranges 0-9, a-z, and A-Z: [0-9a-zA-Z]\{5\}
然后它被迫停止抓取字符，以便它可以丢弃五个字符，或者更具体地说，五个位于 0-9、az 和 AZ 范围内的字符： [0-9a-zA-Z]\{5\}
Then comes the dot '.'character to mark the last extension : \.
然后是'.'标记最后一个扩展名的点字符：\.
And then it looks for all non-dot characters. This ensures that we are grabbing the lastextension: \([^.]*\)
然后它会查找所有非点字符。这确保我们正在获取最后一个扩展名：\([^.]*\)
Finally, it replaces all that text with the first and second capture groups, separated by the .character, and ends the regex: /\1.\2/
最后，它用第一个和第二个捕获组替换所有文本，由.字符分隔，并结束正则表达式：/\1.\2/
回答by potong
This might work for you (GNU sed):
这可能对你有用（GNU sed）：
sed -r 's/(.*).{5}\././' file
