设置 MySQL 并在 Dockerfile 中导入转储
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Setting up MySQL and importing dump within Dockerfile
提问by vinnylinux
I'm trying to setup a Dockerfile for my LAMP project, but i'm having a few problems when starting MySQL. I have the folowing lines on my Dockerfile:
我正在尝试为我的 LAMP 项目设置一个 Dockerfile，但是在启动 MySQL 时遇到了一些问题。我的 Dockerfile 上有以下几行：
VOLUME ["/etc/mysql", "/var/lib/mysql"]
ADD dump.sql /tmp/dump.sql
RUN /usr/bin/mysqld_safe & sleep 5s
RUN mysql -u root -e "CREATE DATABASE mydb"
RUN mysql -u root mydb < /tmp/dump.sql
But I keep getting this error:
但我不断收到此错误：
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (111)
Any ideas on how to setup database creation and dump import during a Dockerfile build?
关于如何在 Dockerfile 构建期间设置数据库创建和转储导入的任何想法？
采纳答案by Kuhess
Each RUNinstruction in a Dockerfileis executed in a different layer (as explained in the documentation of RUN).
a 中的每条RUN指令都在Dockerfile不同的层中执行（如 的文档中所述RUN）。
In your Dockerfile, you have three RUNinstructions. The problem is that MySQL server is only started in the first. In the others, no MySQL are running, that is why you get your connection error with mysqlclient.
在您的 中Dockerfile，您有三个RUN指令。问题是 MySQL 服务器只在第一次启动。在其他情况下，没有 MySQL 正在运行，这就是您与mysql客户端的连接错误的原因。
To solve this problem you have 2 solutions.
要解决此问题，您有 2 个解决方案。
Solution 1: use a one-line RUN
解决方案1：使用单行 RUN
RUN /bin/bash -c "/usr/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &" && \
sleep 5 && \
mysql -u root -e "CREATE DATABASE mydb" && \
mysql -u root mydb < /tmp/dump.sql
Solution 2: use a script
解决方案2：使用脚本
Create an executable script init_db.sh:
创建一个可执行脚本init_db.sh：
#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
sleep 5
mysql -u root -e "CREATE DATABASE mydb"
mysql -u root mydb < /tmp/dump.sql
Add these lines to your Dockerfile:
将这些行添加到您的Dockerfile：
ADD init_db.sh /tmp/init_db.sh
RUN /tmp/init_db.sh
回答by Rajiv
The latest version of the official mysql docker imageallows you to import data on startup. Here is my docker-compose.yml
最新版本的官方mysql docker 镜像允许您在启动时导入数据。这是我的 docker-compose.yml
data:
build: docker/data/.
mysql:
image: mysql
ports:
- "3307:3306"
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 1234
volumes:
- ./docker/data:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
volumes_from:
- data
Here, I have my data-dump.sql under docker/datawhich is relative to the folder the docker-compose is running from. I am mounting that sql file into this directory /docker-entrypoint-initdb.don the container.
在这里，我的 data-dump.sql 与运行 docker docker/data-compose 的文件夹相关。我正在将该 sql 文件安装到/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d容器上的这个目录中。
If you are interested to see how this works, have a look at their docker-entrypoint.shin GitHub. They have added this block to allow importing data
如果您有兴趣了解这是如何工作的，请查看他们docker-entrypoint.sh在 GitHub 中的内容。他们添加了此块以允许导入数据
echo
for f in /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*; do
case "$f" in
*.sh) echo "FROM n3ziniuka5/ubuntu-oracle-jdk:14.04-JDK8
VOLUME /var/lib/mysql
CMD ["true"]
: running $f"; . "$f" ;;
*.sql) echo "mysql:
image: mysql:5.6
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: pass
ports:
- 3306:3306
volumes:
- ./db-dump:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
: running $f"; "${mysql[@]}" < "$f" && echo ;;
*) echo "MYSQL_DATABASE=my_db_name
MYSQL_USER=user_test
MYSQL_PASSWORD=test
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=test
MYSQL_PORT=3306
: ignoring $f" ;;
esac
echo
done
An additional note, if you want the data to be persisted even after the mysql container is stopped and removed, you need to have a separate data container as you see in the docker-compose.yml. The contents of the data container Dockerfile are very simple.
另外要注意的是，如果您希望即使在 mysql 容器停止和删除后仍然保留数据，您需要有一个单独的数据容器，如 docker-compose.yml 中所示。数据容器 Dockerfile 的内容非常简单。
version: '2'
services:
### MySQL Container
mysql:
build:
context: ./mysql
args:
- MYSQL_DATABASE=${MYSQL_DATABASE}
- MYSQL_USER=${MYSQL_USER}
- MYSQL_PASSWORD=${MYSQL_PASSWORD}
- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
ports:
- "${MYSQL_PORT}:3306"
The data container doesn't even have to be in start state for persistence.
数据容器甚至不必处于启动状态以实现持久性。
回答by Petru
What I did was download my sql dump in a "db-dump" folder, and mounted it:
我所做的是将我的 sql 转储下载到“db-dump”文件夹中，并安装它：
FROM mysql:5.7
RUN chown -R mysql:root /var/lib/mysql/
ARG MYSQL_DATABASE
ARG MYSQL_USER
ARG MYSQL_PASSWORD
ARG MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
ENV MYSQL_DATABASE=$MYSQL_DATABASE
ENV MYSQL_USER=$MYSQL_USER
ENV MYSQL_PASSWORD=$MYSQL_PASSWORD
ENV MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
ADD data.sql /etc/mysql/data.sql
RUN sed -i 's/MYSQL_DATABASE/'$MYSQL_DATABASE'/g' /etc/mysql/data.sql
RUN cp /etc/mysql/data.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
EXPOSE 3306
When I run docker-compose upfor the first time, the dump is restored in the db.
当我docker-compose up第一次运行时，转储在数据库中恢复。
回答by Saman Shafigh
I used docker-entrypoint-initdb.d approach (Thanks to @Kuhess) But in my case I want to create my DB based on some parameters I defined in .env file so I did these
我使用了 docker-entrypoint-initdb.d 方法（感谢@Kuhess）但在我的情况下，我想根据我在 .env 文件中定义的一些参数创建我的数据库，所以我做了这些
1)First I define .env file something like this in my docker root project directory
1）首先，我在我的 docker 根项目目录中定义了类似这样的 .env 文件
mysqldump -h <server name> -u<user> -p <db name> > data.sql
2)Then I define my docker-compose.yml file. So I used the args directive to define my environment variables and I set them from .env file
2）然后我定义我的 docker-compose.yml 文件。所以我使用 args 指令来定义我的环境变量，并从 .env 文件中设置它们
--
-- Create a database using `MYSQL_DATABASE` placeholder
--
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `MYSQL_DATABASE`;
USE `MYSQL_DATABASE`;
-- Rest of queries
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `x`;
CREATE TABLE `x` (..)
LOCK TABLES `x` WRITE;
INSERT INTO `x` VALUES ...;
...
...
...
3)Then I define a mysql folder that includes a Dockerfile. So the Dockerfile is this
3)然后我定义了一个包含 Dockerfile 的 mysql 文件夹。所以 Dockerfile 是这样的
|- docker-compose.yml
|- .env
|- mysql
|- Dockerfile
|- data.sql
4)Now I use mysqldump to dump my db and put the data.sql inside mysql folder
4)现在我使用 mysqldump 转储我的数据库并将 data.sql 放在 mysql 文件夹中
mysql:
image: mysql:5.6
ports:
- "3306:3306"
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
MYSQL_USER: theusername
MYSQL_PASSWORD: thepw
MYSQL_DATABASE: mydb
volumes:
- ./data:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
The file is just a normal sql dump file but I add 2 lines at the beginning so the file would look like this
该文件只是一个普通的 sql 转储文件，但我在开头添加了 2 行，因此文件看起来像这样
##代码##So what happening is that I used "RUN sed -i 's/MYSQL_DATABASE/'$MYSQL_DATABASE'/g' /etc/mysql/data.sql" command to replace the MYSQL_DATABASEplaceholder with the name of my DB that I have set it in .env file.
所以发生的事情是我使用“RUN sed -i 's/MYSQL_DATABASE/'$MYSQL_DATABASE'/g' /etc/mysql/data.sql”命令将MYSQL_DATABASE占位符替换为我设置的数据库名称.env 文件。
Now you are ready to build and run your container
现在您已准备好构建和运行您的容器
回答by rynop
Here is a working version using v3of docker-compose.yml. The key is the volumesdirective:
下面是使用一个工作版本v3的docker-compose.yml。关键是卷指令：
In the directory that I have my docker-compose.ymlI have a datadir that contains .sqldump files. This is nice because you can have a .sqldump file per table.
在docker-compose.yml我拥有的data目录中，我有一个包含.sql转储文件的目录。这很好，因为您可以为.sql每个表创建一个转储文件。
I simply run docker-compose upand I'm good to go. Data automatically persists between stops. If you want remove the data and "suck in" new .sqlfiles run docker-compose downthen docker-compose up.
我只是跑docker-compose up，我很高兴去。数据在停止之间自动保留。如果你想删除的数据，并“吸入”新的.sql文件上运行docker-compose down，然后docker-compose up。
If anyone knows how to get the mysqldocker to re-process files in /docker-entrypoint-initdb.dwithout removing the volume, please leave a comment and I will update this answer.
如果有人知道如何mysql在/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d不删除卷的情况下让docker 重新处理文件，请发表评论，我将更新此答案。
