Python 使用请求模块，如何处理请求响应中的“set-cookie”？
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Using requests module, how to handle 'set-cookie' in request response?
提问by tommy_o
I'm attempting to open a login page (GET), fetch the cookies provided by the webserver, then submit a username and password pair to log into the site (POST).
我正在尝试打开登录页面 (GET)，获取网络服务器提供的 cookie，然后提交用户名和密码对以登录站点 (POST)。
Looking at this Stackoverflow question/answer, I would think that I would just do the following:
看看这个 Stackoverflow question/answer，我认为我会做以下事情：
import requests
import cookielib
URL1 = 'login prompt page'
URL2 = 'login submission URL'
jar = cookielib.CookieJar()
r = requests.get(URL1, cookies=jar)
r2 = requests.post(URL2, cookies=jar, data="username and password data payload")
However, in rthere is a set-cookiein the header, but that isn't changing in the jarobject. In fact, nothing is being populated into jaras the linked question's response would indicate.
但是，在标题中r有一个set-cookie，但在jar对象中并没有改变。事实上，jar正如链接问题的回答所表明的那样，没有填充任何内容。
I'm getting around this in my code by having a headers dict and after doing the GET or POST, using this to handle the set-cookieheader:
我在我的代码中通过使用标题字典来解决这个问题，并在执行 GET 或 POST 之后，使用它来处理set-cookie标题：
headers['Cookie'] = r.headers['set-cookie']
Then passing around the header in the requests methods. Is this correct, or is there a better way to apply the set-cookie?
然后在请求方法中传递标头。这是正确的，还是有更好的方法来应用set-cookie？
采纳答案by Martijn Pieters
Ignore the cookie-jar, let requestshandle cookies for you. Use a session objectinstead, it'll persist cookies and send them back to the server:
忽略 cookie-jar，让我们requests为您处理 cookie。改用会话对象，它会保留 cookie 并将它们发送回服务器：
with requests.Session() as s:
r = s.get(URL1)
r = s.post(URL2, data="username and password data payload")
回答by TankorSmash
There's an included class called a sessionwhich automatically handles this sort of thing for you. You can create an instance of it, and then call getand setright on that instance instead.
有一个名为 a 的包含类session，它会自动为您处理此类事情。您可以创建它的一个实例，然后在该实例上调用getand setright。
import requests
URL1 = 'login prompt page'
URL2 = 'login submission URL'
session = requests.Session()
r = session.get(URL1)
r2 = session.post(URL2, data="username and password data payload")
回答by Marcus Junius Brutus
Another way that has worked for me (without using session objects) is the following (tested in v2.18.4).
另一种对我有用的方法（不使用会话对象）如下（在 中测试v2.18.4）。
jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
response1 = requests.get(some_url, cookies=jar) # or post ...
jar.update(response1.cookies)
response2 = requests.get(some_other_url, cookies=jar) # or post ...
Note that the above code will fail in the presence of redirects which are handled transparently by the Requestslibrary. In such a case, you also have to update your jar with the cookies sent in the redirect responses. E.g. by doing something like the following:
请注意，如果存在由Requests库透明处理的重定向，上述代码将失败。在这种情况下，您还必须使用重定向响应中发送的 cookie 更新您的 jar。例如，通过执行以下操作：
if (response.history): # we have to add to the cookie jar, the cookies sent by the server in intermediate responses
for historicResponse in response.history:
jar.update(historicResponse.cookies)
