windows 以编程方式修改环境变量？
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Programmatically modifiy environment variables?
提问by Javier
- Windows 7.
- It's for my own machine, so it doesn't matter if it requires admin rights or something.
- Preferably in Python or .NET, but I can learn a bit of Win32 (C/C++) programming if it's necessary.
- Windows 7的。
- 这是我自己的机器，所以它是否需要管理员权限或其他东西都没有关系。
- 最好使用 Python 或 .NET，但如果需要，我可以学习一些 Win32 (C/C++) 编程。
回答by ghostdog74
if you want to permanently set environment variable, you can insert the new value into registry. eg with vbscript, add the path "c:\test" into PATH variable
如果要永久设置环境变量，可以将新值插入注册表。例如，使用 vbscript，将路径“c:\test”添加到 PATH 变量中
Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
strReg = "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment\Path"
strSetting = WshShell.RegRead(strReg)
strNewSetting = strSetting&";c\test"
WshShell.RegWrite strReg, strNewSetting
So, if you use Python or other languages, you can do the same thing using your language's own api/modules to read and write registry
所以，如果你使用 Python 或其他语言，你可以使用你语言自己的 api/modules 来做同样的事情来读写注册表
回答by kicsit
In C# the following creates a permanent environment variable:
在 C# 中，以下内容创建了一个永久环境变量：
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("foo", "bar", EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine);
回答by MrDrews
or you could try a Windows PowerShell script; PowerShell is installed on Windows 7 by default.
或者您可以尝试使用 Windows PowerShell 脚本；默认情况下，PowerShell 安装在 Windows 7 上。
run powershell.exe
运行powershell.exe
PS C:\> [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("TestVariable", "Test value.", "User")
Then, for example, from cmd.exe
然后，例如，从 cmd.exe
Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\>echo %TestVariable%
Test value.
C:\>
Or (in a new) powershell.exe
或者（在一个新的）powershell.exe
PS C:\> echo $ENV:TestVariable
Test Value.
PS C:\>
check out http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff730964.aspx
回答by Jeff Martin
For anyone else looking for a quick commandline answer
对于正在寻找快速命令行答案的其他人
SETX is available on windows servers (natively i think - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc755104.aspx)
SETX 在 Windows 服务器上可用（我认为原生 - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc755104.aspx）
回答by will
Use the Environment class like this:
像这样使用 Environment 类：
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("foo", "bar");
回答by t0mm13b
Programmatically modifying environment variables is only for the duration of the program. Have not heard of actually modifying the environment system-wide and making it effective there and then. I do not think that can be done, that would require poking around at privileged level and possibly messing with the core system to achieve that.
以编程方式修改环境变量仅适用于程序的持续时间。还没有听说过在系统范围内实际修改环境并使其有效。我不认为这是可以做到的，这需要在特权级别上进行探索，并且可能会弄乱核心系统才能实现这一点。
Even under Unix, it cannot be done despite some hacks to achieve it. I do remember seeing code that actually did modify the environment variables under MSDOS, by altering the MSDOS's _psp environment data structure, but that was a single-tasking system and 16bit with no protection whatsoever.
即使在 Unix 下，它也无法完成，尽管有一些技巧可以实现它。我确实记得看到通过改变 MSDOS 的 _psp 环境数据结构实际上确实修改了 MSDOS 下的环境变量的代码，但那是一个单任务系统和 16 位，没有任何保护。
To sum up, I do not think you can and it would be unwise to do so, it could be perceived as if the system is under a threat by a 'trojan' or a 'virus' as a result if attempting to do so, not alone that, as a user, I would not like for a program to modify the system environment variable without my consent! Sure, a program can write to the registry to make it permanent, but I would still like to know what is the purpose of it and why.
总而言之，我认为您不能这样做，而且这样做是不明智的，如果尝试这样做，可能会认为系统受到“木马”或“病毒”的威胁，不仅如此，作为用户，我不希望程序在未经我同意的情况下修改系统环境变量！当然，程序可以写入注册表以使其永久化，但我仍然想知道它的目的是什么以及为什么。
