在Ubuntu 18.04 LTS上安装Python 3.7
时间：2020-03-05 15:32:32 来源:igfitidea点击:
Python是最受欢迎和按需按需的通用编程语言之一。
它是一种解释的高级编程语言，支持多个编程范例，包括过程，面向对象和功能编程。
由于其综合标准库，通常被描述为"包含"语言的"电池"。
它被广泛使用和极其多功能的编程语言，因为它被使用的科学家用于不同类型的活动。
它用于系统编程和脚本，自动化重复任务，构建和Web应用程序，机器学习算法，数据分析等等。
在本教程中，我们将学习如何在Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver中安装Python 3.7.
我们将包括在Ubuntu 18.04机器中安装的两种主要方法，其中一个是使用APT包管理器通过Deadsnakes PPA，而另一种是通过编译来源。
使用apt(带ppa)在Ubuntu上安装Python 3.7
默认情况下，Ubuntu 18.04附带Python 3.6.9.
通过运行以下命令，我们可以获得python版本：
python3 --version Python 3.6.9
首先，我们需要确保更新Ubuntu 18.04计算机的Ubuntu的包存储库索引。
这可以通过执行以下命令来完成：
$sudo apt update
完成更新后，我们需要确保在我们的机器SOT中安装了"软件属性 - 常用"包，我们可以将PPA添加到我们的机器中。
$sudo apt install software-properties-common
现在，我们可以使用以下命令轻松添加DeadsNakes PPA：
$sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
最后，随着所需的PPA被添加到我们的Ubuntu 18.04机器中，我们现在可以只使用APT命令安装Python 3.7.
APT中的"-y""选项通知命令设置自动是以提示。
$sudo apt install python3.7 -y
Output $sudo apt install python3.7 -y Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: libpython3.7-minimal libpython3.7-stdlib python3-distutils python3-lib2to3 python3.7-minimal Suggested packages: python3.7-venv python3.7-doc binfmt-support The following NEW packages will be installed: libpython3.7-minimal libpython3.7-stdlib python3-distutils python3-lib2to3 python3.7 python3.7-minimal 0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 321 not upgraded. Need to get 4,792 kB of archives. After this operation, 26.6 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libpython3.7-minimal amd64 3.7.7-1+bionic1 [596 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 python3-lib2to3 all 3.6.9-1~18.04 [77.4 kB] Get:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 python3.7-minimal amd64 3.7.7-1+bionic1 [1,839 kB] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 python3-distutils all 3.6.9-1~18.04 [144 kB] Get:5 http://ppa.launchpad.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libpython3.7-stdlib amd64 3.7.7-1+bionic1 [1,784 kB] Get:6 http://ppa.launchpad.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 python3.7 amd64 3.7.7-1+bionic1 [351 kB] Fetched 4,792 kB in 7s (737 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package libpython3.7-minimal:amd64. (Reading database ... 134446 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../0-libpython3.7-minimal_3.7.7-1+bionic1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libpython3.7-minimal:amd64 (3.7.7-1+bionic1) ... Selecting previously unselected package python3.7-minimal. Preparing to unpack .../1-python3.7-minimal_3.7.7-1+bionic1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking python3.7-minimal (3.7.7-1+bionic1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libpython3.7-stdlib:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../2-libpython3.7-stdlib_3.7.7-1+bionic1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libpython3.7-stdlib:amd64 (3.7.7-1+bionic1) ... Selecting previously unselected package python3-lib2to3. Preparing to unpack .../3-python3-lib2to3_3.6.9-1~18.04_all.deb ... Unpacking python3-lib2to3 (3.6.9-1~18.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package python3-distutils. Preparing to unpack .../4-python3-distutils_3.6.9-1~18.04_all.deb ... Unpacking python3-distutils (3.6.9-1~18.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package python3.7. Preparing to unpack .../5-python3.7_3.7.7-1+bionic1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking python3.7 (3.7.7-1+bionic1) ... Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.23-1ubuntu3.18.04.2) ... Setting up libpython3.7-minimal:amd64 (3.7.7-1+bionic1) ... Setting up python3.7-minimal (3.7.7-1+bionic1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-11ubuntu1.1) ... Setting up python3-lib2to3 (3.6.9-1~18.04) ... Setting up python3-distutils (3.6.9-1~18.04) ... Setting up libpython3.7-stdlib:amd64 (3.7.7-1+bionic1) ... Setting up python3.7 (3.7.7-1+bionic1) ...
现在，为了确保Python成功安装了Python，我们可以检查Python版本。
$python3.7 -V Python 3.7.7
从源中安装Python 3.7在Ubuntu上
在此方法中，我们将学习如何通过从源代码中编译它来在Ubuntu 18.04计算机中安装Python 3.7.
要继续前进，我们需要确保满足某些准备工作。
首先，我们需要确保在我们的计算机中安装编译源代码所需的构建工具。
为此，我们首先需要更新APT的本地存储库索引，如下所示：
$sudo apt update
随着本地存储库索引已更新，我们现在将安装编译和安装Python3.7所需的依赖项。
为此，我们需要执行以下命令：
$sudo apt install -y build-essential wget zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev
一旦依赖关系都安装并准备就绪，我们将使用wget命令从官方Python下载最新版本的Python 3.7，如下所示：
$wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.7/Python-3.7.7.tgz --2017-03-17 16:19:44-- https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.7/Python-3.7.7.tgz Resolving www.python.org (www.python.org)... 151.101.8.223, 2a04:4e42:2::223 Connecting to www.python.org (www.python.org)|151.101.8.223|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 23161893 (22M) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘Python-3.7.7.tgz’ Python-3.7.7.tgz 100%[===================>] 22.09M 2.50MB/s in 9.2s 2017-03-17 16:19:54 (2.41 MB/s) - ‘Python-3.7.7.tgz’ saved [23161893/23161893]
在撰写本教程时，Python 3.7在最新版本3.7.7下发布。
因此，我们将使用tar命令下载并提取TGZ文件。
$tar -xf Python-3.7.7.tgz
从TGz文件中提取源代码后，我们将在目录中CD中CD，然后执行配置脚本以便评估是否满足了编译所需的依赖项。
-Enable-OptimIzations标志优化Python二进制文件，并将代码执行增加10-20％。
$cd Python-3.7.7
$./configure --enable-optimizations checking if the dirent structure of a d_type field... yes checking for the Linux getrandom() syscall... yes checking for the getrandom() function... yes checking for pkg-config... no checking for openssl/ssl.h in /usr/local/ssl... no checking for openssl/ssl.h in /usr/lib/ssl... no checking for openssl/ssl.h in /usr/ssl... no checking for openssl/ssl.h in /usr/pkg... no checking for openssl/ssl.h in /usr/local... no checking for openssl/ssl.h in /usr... yes checking whether compiling and linking against OpenSSL works... yes checking for X509_VERIFY_PA内存_set1_host in libssl... yes checking for --with-ssl-default-suites... python configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile.pre config.status: creating Misc/python.pc config.status: creating Misc/python-config.sh config.status: creating Modules/ld_so_aix config.status: creating pyconfig.h creating Modules/Setup creating Modules/Setup.local creating Makefile
一旦配置脚本成功执行，我们现在将通过使用AltinStall参数执行Make命令在Ubuntu 18.04 LTS计算机中安装Python 3.7.
Arguit AltInstall可确保它未安装为系统默认Python版本。
$sudo make altinstall changing mode of /usr/local/bin/idle3.7 to 755 changing mode of /usr/local/bin/pyvenv-3.7 to 755 changing mode of /usr/local/bin/pydoc3.7 to 755 changing mode of /usr/local/bin/2to3-3.7 to 755 rm /usr/local/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/_sysconfigdata_m_linux_x86_64-linux-gnu.py rm -r /usr/local/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/__pycache__ Creating directory /usr/local/share/man/man1 /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./Misc/python.man \ /usr/local/share/man/man1/python3.7.1 if test "xupgrade" != "xno" ; then \ case upgrade in \ upgrade) ensurepip="--altinstall --upgrade" ;; \ install|*) ensurepip="--altinstall" ;; \ esac; \ ./python -E -m ensurepip \ $ensurepip --root=/; \ fi Looking in links: /tmp/tmp06ih2lq9 Collecting setuptools Collecting pip Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip Successfully installed pip-19.2.3 setuptools-41.2.0
现在，我们可以通过查看其版本如下检查Python 3.7是否成功安装。
$python3.7 -V Python 3.7.7
