Python 如何将 tkinter 窗口设置为恒定大小
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How to set a tkinter window to a constant size
提问by Mr. Squiddy
I'm programming a little game with tkinter and briefly, I'm stuck.
我正在用 tkinter 编写一个小游戏，简单地说，我被卡住了。
I have a kind od starting menu, in which are two buttons and one label.
我有一个很好的起始菜单，其中有两个按钮和一个标签。
If I just create the frame everything is fine, it has the size 500x500 pixels
如果我只是创建框架一切都很好，它的大小为 500x500 像素
I want the background not to change when I create the buttons and the labe, but it adapts the size whatever I do. Here is my code:
我希望在创建按钮和标签时背景不会改变，但无论我做什么，它都会适应大小。这是我的代码：
import tkinter as tk
def startgame():
pass
mw = tk.Tk() #Here I tried (1)
mw.title('The game')
back = tk.Frame(master=mw, width=500, height=500, bg='black')
back.pack()
go = tk.Button(master=back, text='Start Game', bg='black', fg='red',
command=lambda:startgame()).pack()
close = tk.Button(master=back, text='Quit', bg='black', fg='red',
command=lambda:quit()).pack()
info = tk.Label(master=back, text='Made by me!', bg='red',
fg='black').pack()
mw.mainloop()
I've searched around on stackoverflow and didn't get anything useful! I've found just one question a bit similar to mine but the answer didn't work. I tried this:
我已经在 stackoverflow 上搜索过，但没有得到任何有用的信息！我发现只有一个问题与我的有点相似，但答案不起作用。我试过这个：
(1) mw.resizable(width=False, height=False)
(1) mw.resizable(width=False, height=False)
I can't imagine what is the problem, I'm really desperate.
我无法想象这是什么问题，我真的很绝望。
回答by Pythonista
You turn off pack_propagateby setting pack_propagate(0)
您pack_propagate通过设置关闭pack_propagate(0)
Turning off pack_propagatehere basically says don't let the widgets inside the frame control it's size. So you've set it's width and height to be 500. Turning off propagate stills allows it to be this size without the widgets changing the size of the frame to fill their respective width / heights which is what would happen normally
在pack_propagate这里关闭基本上是说不要让框架内的小部件控制它的大小。所以你已经将它的宽度和高度设置为 500。关闭传播静止允许它是这个大小，而小部件不会改变框架的大小以填充它们各自的宽度/高度，这通常会发生
To turn off resizing the root window, you can set root.resizable(0, 0), where resizing is allowed in the xand ydirections respectively.
要关闭调整根窗口大小，您可以设置root.resizable(0, 0)，其中分别允许在x和y方向上调整大小。
To set a maxsize to window, as noted in the other answer you can set the maxsizeattribute or minsizealthough you could just set the geometry of the root window and then turn off resizing. A bit more flexible imo.
要将 maxsize 设置为窗口，如另一个答案中所述，您可以设置maxsize属性，或者minsize尽管您可以只设置根窗口的几何形状，然后关闭调整大小。更灵活一点。
Whenever you set gridor packon a widget it will return None. So, if you want to be able to keep a reference to the widget object you shouldn't be setting a variabe to a widget where you're calling gridor packon it. You should instead set the variable to be the widget Widget(master, ....)and then call packor gridon the widget instead.
每当您设置grid或pack在小部件上时，它都会返回None。因此，如果您希望能够保留对小部件对象的引用，则不应将变量设置为您正在调用的小部件grid或pack在其上。您应该改为将变量设置为小部件Widget(master, ....)，然后在小部件上调用pack或grid。
import tkinter as tk
def startgame():
pass
mw = tk.Tk()
#If you have a large number of widgets, like it looks like you will for your
#game you can specify the attributes for all widgets simply like this.
mw.option_add("*Button.Background", "black")
mw.option_add("*Button.Foreground", "red")
mw.title('The game')
#You can set the geometry attribute to change the root windows size
mw.geometry("500x500") #You want the size of the app to be 500x500
mw.resizable(0, 0) #Don't allow resizing in the x or y direction
back = tk.Frame(master=mw,bg='black')
back.pack_propagate(0) #Don't allow the widgets inside to determine the frame's width / height
back.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1) #Expand the frame to fill the root window
#Changed variables so you don't have these set to None from .pack()
go = tk.Button(master=back, text='Start Game', command=startgame)
go.pack()
close = tk.Button(master=back, text='Quit', command=mw.destroy)
close.pack()
info = tk.Label(master=back, text='Made by me!', bg='red', fg='black')
info.pack()
mw.mainloop()
回答by Bryan Oakley
If you want a window as a whole to have a specific size, you can just give it the size you want with the geometrycommand. That's really all you need to do.
如果您希望整个窗口具有特定大小，则可以使用geometry命令为其指定所需大小。这就是你真正需要做的。
For example:
例如：
mw.geometry("500x500")
Though, you'll also want to make sure that the widgets inside the window resize properly, so change how you add the frame to this:
但是，您还需要确保窗口内的小部件正确调整大小，因此更改添加框架的方式：
back.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
回答by Bryan Oakley
There are 2 solutions for your problem:
您的问题有两种解决方案：
- Either you set a fixed size of the Tkinter window;
mw.geometry('500x500')
- 要么设置 Tkinter 窗口的固定大小；
mw.geometry('500x500')
OR
或者
- Make the Frame adjust to the size of the window automatically;
back.place(x = 0, y = 0, relwidth = 1, relheight = 1)
- 使Frame自动适应窗口大小；
back.place(x = 0, y = 0, relwidth = 1, relheight = 1)
*The second option should be used in place of back.pack()
*应使用第二个选项代替 back.pack()
回答by Sid Sahay
Try parent_window.maxsize(x,x);to set the maximum size. It shouldn't get larger even if you set the background, etc.
尝试parent_window.maxsize(x,x);设置最大尺寸。即使您设置了背景等，它也不应该变大。
Edit: use parent_window.minsize(x,x)also to set it to a constant size!
编辑：parent_window.minsize(x,x)也使用将其设置为恒定大小！
