如何在 Git 中获取特定提交的父级？
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How to get parent of specific commit in Git?
提问by MPAW
I have commit number. I would like to get previous commit number(parent). I need commits from current branch.
我有提交号。我想获得以前的提交编号（父）。我需要从当前分支提交。
回答by MPAW
git log --pretty=%P -n 1 "$commit_from"
回答by Nayagam
To get Parent Commit
获取父提交
git cat-file -p commit_id
tree tree_id
parent parent_commit_id
[parent other_parent_commit_id] # present only in case of merge commits
author xxx <[email protected]> 1513768542 +0530
committer xxx <[email protected]> 1513768542 +0530
回答by William Pursell
If ${SHA} is the commit you know and you want its parent (assuming it's not a merge commit and has only one parent):
如果 ${SHA} 是您知道的提交并且您想要它的父级（假设它不是合并提交并且只有一个父级）：
git rev-parse ${SHA}^
回答by Magne
To get the parent, just add a ^after the commit SHA of the commit you want to see.
要获取父级，只需在要查看的提交的提交 SHA 后添加^。
To see a commit:
git show <SHA>Example:
git show bb05425c504575145d005c0a887e0a80b885ced0
查看提交：
git show <SHA>示例：
git show bb05425c504575145d005c0a887e0a80b885ced0
To see the parent:
git show <SHA>^
Example:
git show bb05425c504575145d005c0a887e0a80b885ced0^
查看父级：
git show <SHA>^
示例：
git show bb05425c504575145d005c0a887e0a80b885ced0^
回答by matvore
You can use git rev-parsefor this.
您可以git rev-parse为此使用。
# Output hash of the first parent
git rev-parse $commit^
# Nth parent
git rev-parse $commit^N
# All parents
git rev-parse $commit^@
These constructs are explained in git help rev-parse:
这些构造在git help rev-parse：
<rev>^, e.g. HEAD^, v1.5.1^0
A suffix ^ to a revision parameter means the first
parent of that commit object. ^<n> means the <n>th
parent (i.e. <rev>^ is equivalent to <rev>^1). As a
special rule, <rev>^0 means the commit itself and is
used when <rev> is the object name of a tag object that
refers to a commit object.
...
<rev>^@, e.g. HEAD^@
A suffix ^ followed by an at sign is the same as listing
all parents of <rev> (meaning, include anything
reachable from its parents, but not the commit itself).
回答by nate
If trying to get all parents and using revision parameter syntax, you may try using logsubcommand with
--no-walkoption.
如果尝试获取所有父项并使用修订参数语法，您可以尝试使用log带--no-walk选项的子命令
。
An example, if we have the following:
一个例子，如果我们有以下内容：
$ git --oneline --graph
* A
|\
| * B
| * C
| * D
* | E
In this example, I'll use ^@to get all parents and the --no-walkoption to
show only the parents and not their ancestors.
在此示例中，我将使用^@获取所有父项和--no-walk仅显示父项而不显示其祖先的选项。
$ git log --no-walk A^@
commit B
........
commit E
........
Check out git rev-parsefor more detail about revision parameter.
查看git rev-parse以获取有关修订参数的更多详细信息。
回答by mljrg
If you only want the ids of the parents of an input commit with id <SHA>then run this command:
如果您只想要带有 id 的输入提交的父代的 id，请<SHA>运行以下命令：
git cat-file -p <SHA> | awk 'NR > 1 {if(/^parent/){print ; next}{exit}}'
This will work for normal and shallow clones.
这适用于普通和浅层克隆。
