如何创建 Git 属性文件

How to create a Git attributes file

提问by Carel

I would like to add an attributes file to my Git repository as described here. It indicates that I should include .gitattributesin the root folder of my repository.

我想描述一个属性文件添加到我的Git仓库在这里。它表明我应该包含.gitattributes在我的存储库的根文件夹中。

• Is .gitattributessimply a file or is it a folder ? How do I create this file/folder ?

  Windows raises the following errors :

  "Can't create a file without a filename"

  "You must type a filename"

• Where should one add the file ? Under the repository root, X:\PATH\TO\Repository\, or the Git folder, X:\PATH\TO\Repository\.git\?

• Will the attributes be enforced for other contributors cloning/forking my repository ?

  e.g. If I pushed to GitHub or GitLab and some other party pulled down a copy would the attributes I added be enforced upon their machine as well ?

• 是.gitattributes一种简单的文件还是文件夹？我如何创建这个文件/文件夹？

  Windows 引发以下错误：

  “无法创建没有文件名的文件”

  “您必须输入文件名”

• 应该在哪里添加文件？在存储库根目录下，X:\PATH\TO\Repository\或 Git 文件夹下，X:\PATH\TO\Repository\.git\?

• 是否会为克隆/分叉我的存储库的其他贡献者强制执行这些属性？

  例如，如果我推送到 GitHub 或 GitLab 并且其他一些人拉下副本，我添加的属性也会在他们的机器上强制执行吗？

Related :Git Ignore

相关：Git 忽略

Note :I'm using TortoiseGitand msysgit on a Windows platform if it helps.

注意：如果有帮助，我将在 Windows 平台上使用TortoiseGit和 msysgit。

回答by Carel

Is .gitattributesa file or a folder ? How do I create it ?

是.gitattributes文件还是文件夹？我如何创建它？

• Windows :Create a new text file (Right click>new>text file) within windows explorer and rename it (Shortcut : F2) as follows

  .gitattributes.
  

  Note :That is DOT+ gitattributes+ DOT, windows will remove the trailing DOTfor you producing the appropriate filename

• Unix :and it's variants (Ubuntu, Raspberrian, Mac OS etc.)

  touch .gitattributes
  

• Alternatively :Clone the Git Attributesrepository and move/copy the .gitattributesfile that is applicable to your repository (Footnote 1 and 2).

• Windows：在Windows 资源管理器中创建一个新的文本文件（右键单击>新建>文本文件）并将其重命名（快捷方式：）F2如下

  .gitattributes.
  

  注：也就是说DOT+ gitattributes+ DOT，Windows将删除尾随DOT你产生适当的文件名

• Unix ：及其变体（Ubuntu、Raspberrian、Mac OS 等）

  touch .gitattributes
  

• 或者：克隆Git 属性存储库并移动/复制.gitattributes适用于您的存储库的文件（脚注 1 和 2）。

Where should one add the file ? Under the repository root, X:\PATH\TO\Repository\, or the Git folder, X:\PATH\TO\Repository\.git\?

应该在哪里添加文件？在存储库根目录下，X:\PATH\TO\Repository\或 Git 文件夹下，X:\PATH\TO\Repository\.git\?

There are two locations where one can add the Git attributes file

有两个位置可以添加 Git 属性文件

    \Repository                        (1)
    \Repository\.git\info\attributes   (3)

1. Adding a .gitattributesfile here sets the attributes "Universally".
2. Creating the .gitattributesfile here sets the attributes "Personally", that is the repository upon one's own machine. While inadvisable you may a have good reasonfor doing so .

1. 在.gitattributes此处添加文件可设置“通用”属性。
2. 在.gitattributes此处创建文件会设置“个人”属性，即自己机器上的存储库。虽然不可取，但您可能有充分的理由这样做。

Will the attributes be enforced for other contributors cloning/forking my repository ?

是否会为克隆/分叉我的存储库的其他贡献者强制执行这些属性？

Provided the file is committedto the repository, it will be cloned when the repository is cloned and the attributes enforced upon the machines of the the contributors of ones project accordingly (Footnote : 3 and 4). Attributes are applied "Globally " when .gitattributesis added to the project root, X:\PATH\TO\Repository\.gitignore, and "Locally" when added to some sub-folder, X:\PATH\TO\Repository\SOME\SUB-FOLDER\.gitignore.

如果文件被提交到存储库，它将在存储库被克隆时被克隆，并且相应地在一个项目的贡献者的机器上强制执行的属性（脚注：3 和 4）。属性在.gitattributes添加到项目根目录时“全局”应用X:\PATH\TO\Repository\.gitignore，当添加到某个子文件夹时“本地”应用X:\PATH\TO\Repository\SOME\SUB-FOLDER\.gitignore。

Footnote(s) :

脚注：

1. Some care must be taken if you are using Large File Storage (Git LFS) as these files may not be LFS aware or vice versa. Additionally LFS will create .gitattributesfor you when you setup tracking.
2. Coincidentally there is also repository for Git Ignore.
3. Initially, when I first asked the question, I was concerned about the correct treatment of line endings; .gitattributeshandles this well but it is better for each contributor to configure git properly upon their own machines.
4. Don't be the idiot that adds .gitattributesto the .gitignorefile. Yes this will apply the attributes "Personally" but some one will overwrite your workaround "Globally" one day and there will be tears and hugging... a lot of hugging !!!

1. 如果您使用大文件存储 (Git LFS)，则必须小心，因为这些文件可能无法识别 LFS，反之亦然。此外.gitattributes，当您设置跟踪时，LFS 将为您创建。
2. 巧合的是，还有Git Ignore 的存储库。
3. 最初，当我第一次问这个问题时，我关心的是行尾的正确处理；.gitattributes处理得很好，但每个贡献者最好在他们自己的机器上正确配置 git。
4. 不要成为添加.gitattributes到.gitignore文件中的白痴。是的，这将应用“个人”属性，但有一天会有人“全局”覆盖您的解决方法，并且会有眼泪和拥抱......很多拥抱！