Linux 无法获得 rsync 排除选项以排除目录
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Cannot get rsync exclude option to exclude dir
提问by James P.
Having an issues with rsync. I'm using rsync as a glorified cp command. I have in a script the following code.
rsync 有问题。我使用 rsync 作为美化的 cp 命令。我在脚本中有以下代码。
rsync -aL --exclude /path/to/exclude/ --exclude='.*' /source/ /destination
rsync -aL --exclude /path/to/exclude/ --exclude='.*' /source/ /destination
I can get the rsync to exclude any hidden files. Hence the '.*'I cannot get the exclude dir to exclude. I've tried using an '='sign, surrounding the dir with double quotes, with single quotes. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.
我可以让 rsync 排除任何隐藏文件。因此，'.*'我无法排除排除目录。我试过使用一个'='符号，用双引号和单引号包围目录。任何帮助将不胜感激。提前致谢。
采纳答案by Erik
mkdir -p test/a/b/c/d/e
mkdir -p test/dest
rsync -nvraL test/a test/dest --exclude=a/b/c/d
This works. As test/ais the base directory synced from, the exclude pattern is specified by starting with a/
这有效。与test/a同步的基本目录一样，排除模式是通过以开头指定的a/
Show us the real paths/excludes if this doesn't help.
如果这没有帮助，请向我们展示真正的路径/排除。
Running rsync with -vn will list dirs/files - the pattern is matched against the format that rsync prints.
使用 -vn 运行 rsync 将列出目录/文件 - 该模式与 rsync 打印的格式相匹配。
回答by Antoni Villalonga
Following Erik's example you want to do this:
按照 Erik 的示例，您要执行此操作：
rsync -nvraL test/a/ test/dest --exclude=/b/c/d
回答by DanielSmedegaardBuus
Actually, neither of these are fully accurate.
实际上，这两种方法都不是完全准确的。
Erik is halfway right in saying that
Erik 说对了一半
As test/a is the base directory synced from, the exclude pattern is specified by starting with a/
由于 test/a 是同步的基本目录，因此排除模式以 a/ 开头指定
It is true that the exclude pattern's rootis test/a(i.e. the pattern /some/pathbinds to test/a/some/path), but that's not the whole story.
确实排除模式的根是test/a（即模式/some/path绑定到test/a/some/path），但这不是全部。
From the man page:
从手册页：
if the pattern starts with a / then it is anchored to a particular spot in the hierarchy of files, otherwise it is matched against the end of the pathname. This is similar to a leading ^ in regular expressions. Thus "/foo" would match a file named "foo" at either the "root of the transfer" (for a global rule) or in the merge-file's directory (for a per-directory rule).
如果模式以 / 开头，则它锚定到文件层次结构中的特定位置，否则它与路径名的末尾匹配。这类似于正则表达式中的前导 ^。因此，“/foo”将匹配位于“传输根”（对于全局规则）或合并文件的目录（对于每个目录规则）中的名为“foo”的文件。
We can ignore the per-directorybit as it doesn't apply to us here.
我们可以忽略这per-directory一点，因为它不适用于我们这里。
Therefore, rsync -nvraL test/a test/dest --exclude=a/b/c/dwill most definitely exclude test/a/b/c/d(and children), but it'll also exclude test/a/other/place/a/b/c/d.
因此，rsync -nvraL test/a test/dest --exclude=a/b/c/d绝对会排除test/a/b/c/d（和孩子），但它也会排除test/a/other/place/a/b/c/d.
rsync -nvraL test/a test/dest --exclude=/b/c/d, on the other hand, will exclude onlytest/a/b/c/d(and children) (test/abeing the point to which /is anchored).
rsync -nvraL test/a test/dest --exclude=/b/c/d，另一方面，将只排除test/a/b/c/d（和孩子）（test/a作为/锚定的点）。
This is why you still need the anchoring inital slash if you want to exclude that specific pathfrom being backed up. This might seem like a minor detail, and it will be so the more specific your exclude pattern becomes (e.g. Picturesvs. home/daniel/Pictures) but it might just come around to bite you in the butt.
这就是为什么如果您想从备份中排除该特定路径，您仍然需要锚定初始斜杠。这可能看起来像是一个小细节，而且你的排除模式变得越具体（例如Picturesvs. home/daniel/Pictures），但它可能只是来咬你的屁股。
