Windows 上的 Python 2.6：如何使用“shell=True”参数终止 subprocess.Popen？
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Python 2.6 on Windows: how to terminate subprocess.Popen with "shell=True" argument?
提问by Wayne Koorts
Is there a way to terminate a process started with the subprocess.Popen class with the "shell" argument set to "True"? In the working minimal example below (uses wxPython) you can open and terminate a Notepad process happily, however if you change the Popen "shell" argument to "True" then the Notepad process doesn't terminate.
有没有办法终止以 subprocess.Popen 类启动且“shell”参数设置为“True”的进程？在下面的最小工作示例中（使用 wxPython），您可以愉快地打开和终止记事本进程，但是如果您将 Popen“shell”参数更改为“True”，则记事本进程不会终止。
import wx
import threading
import subprocess
class MainWindow(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title)
self.main_panel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
self.border_sizer = wx.BoxSizer()
self.process_button = wx.Button(self.main_panel, -1, "Start process", (50, 50))
self.process_button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.processButtonClick)
self.border_sizer.Add(self.process_button)
self.main_panel.SetSizerAndFit(self.border_sizer)
self.Fit()
self.Centre()
self.Show(True)
def processButtonClick(self, event):
if self.process_button.GetLabel() == "Start process":
self.process_button.SetLabel("End process")
self.notepad = threading.Thread(target = self.runProcess)
self.notepad.start()
else:
self.cancel = 1
self.process_button.SetLabel("Start process")
def runProcess(self):
self.cancel = 0
notepad_process = subprocess.Popen("notepad", shell = False)
while notepad_process.poll() == None: # While process has not yet terminated.
if self.cancel:
notepad_process.terminate()
break
def main():
app = wx.PySimpleApp()
mainView = MainWindow(None, wx.ID_ANY, "test")
app.MainLoop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Please accept for the sake of this question that "shell" does have to equal "True".
为了这个问题，请接受“shell”确实必须等于“True”。
采纳答案by Wayne Koorts
Based on the tip given in Thomas Watnedal's answer, where he points out that just the shell is actually being killed in the example, I have arranged the following function which solves the problem for my scenario, based on the example given in Mark Hammond's PyWin32 library:
根据 Thomas Watnedal 的回答中给出的提示，他指出在示例中实际上只是外壳被杀死，我根据 Mark Hammond 的 PyWin32 库中给出的示例，安排了以下功能来解决我的场景中的问题：
procname is the name of the process as seen in Task Manager without the extension, e.g. FFMPEG.EXE would be killProcName("FFMPEG"). Note that the function is reasonably slow as it performs enumeration of all current running processes so the result is not instant.
procname 是在没有扩展名的任务管理器中看到的进程的名称，例如 FFMPEG.EXE 将是 killProcName("FFMPEG")。请注意，该函数相当慢，因为它执行所有当前正在运行的进程的枚举，因此结果不是即时的。
import win32api
import win32pdhutil
import win32con
def killProcName(procname):
"""Kill a running process by name. Kills first process with the given name."""
try:
win32pdhutil.GetPerformanceAttributes("Process", "ID Process", procname)
except:
pass
pids = win32pdhutil.FindPerformanceAttributesByName(procname)
# If _my_ pid in there, remove it!
try:
pids.remove(win32api.GetCurrentProcessId())
except ValueError:
pass
handle = win32api.OpenProcess(win32con.PROCESS_TERMINATE, 0, pids[0])
win32api.TerminateProcess(handle, 0)
win32api.CloseHandle(handle)
回答by nosklo
Why are you using shell=True?
你为什么使用shell=True？
Just don't do it. You don't need it, it invokes the shell and that is useless.
只是不要这样做。您不需要它，它会调用外壳程序，这是无用的。
I don't accept it has to be True, because it doesn't. Using shell=Trueonly brings you problems and no benefit. Just avoid it at all costs. Unless you're running some shell internal command, you don't need it, ever.
我不接受它必须是True，因为它没有。使用shell=True只会给您带来问题，而不会带来任何好处。不惜一切代价避免它。除非您正在运行一些 shell 内部命令，否则您永远不需要它。
回答by Thomas Watnedal
When using shell=True and calling terminate on the process, you are actually killing the shell, not the notepad process. The shell would be whatever is specified in the COMSPEC environment variable.
当使用 shell=True 并在进程上调用 terminate 时，您实际上是在杀死 shell，而不是记事本进程。外壳将是 COMSPEC 环境变量中指定的任何内容。
The only way I can think of killing this notepad process would be to use Win32process.EnumProcesses() to search for the process, then kill it using win32api.TerminateProcess. You will however not be able to distinguish the notepad process from other processes with the same name.
我能想到的杀死这个记事本进程的唯一方法是使用 Win32process.EnumProcesses() 来搜索进程，然后使用 win32api.TerminateProcess 杀死它。但是，您将无法将记事本进程与具有相同名称的其他进程区分开来。
回答by BartoszKP
If you really need the shell=Trueflag, then the solution is to use the startshell command with the /WAITflag. With this flag, the startprocess will wait for its child to terminate. Then, using for example the psutilmodule you can achieve what you want with the following sequence:
如果确实需要shell=True标志，那么解决方案是使用start带有/WAIT标志的shell 命令。使用此标志，start进程将等待其子进程终止。然后，例如使用psutil模块，您可以通过以下顺序实现您想要的：
>>> import psutil
>>> import subprocess
>>> doc = subprocess.Popen(["start", "/WAIT", "notepad"], shell=True)
>>> doc.poll()
>>> psutil.Process(doc.pid).get_children()[0].kill()
>>> doc.poll()
0
>>>
After the third line Notepad appears. pollreturns Noneas long as the window is open thanks to the /WAITflag. After killing start's child Notepad window disappears, and pollreturns the exit code.
出现第三行记事本后。多亏了旗帜，只要窗户打开就poll返回。杀死后的子记事本窗口消失，并返回退出代码。None/WAITstartpoll
回答by S.Lott
Python 2.6 has a kill method for subprocess.Popen objects.
Python 2.6 有一个用于 subprocess.Popen 对象的 kill 方法。
http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.Popen.kill
http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.Popen.kill
