C# 如何在Windows中获取z顺序？
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How to get the z-order in windows?
提问by user361526
I'm making an application where I interact with each running application. Right now, I need a way of getting the window's z-order. For instance, if Firefox and notepad are running, I need to know which one is in front.
我正在制作一个应用程序，在其中与每个正在运行的应用程序进行交互。现在，我需要一种获取窗口 z 顺序的方法。例如，如果 Firefox 和记事本正在运行，我需要知道哪个在前面。
Any ideas? Besides doing this for each application's main window I also need to do it for its child and sister windows (windows belonging to the same process).
有任何想法吗？除了为每个应用程序的主窗口执行此操作外，我还需要为其子窗口和姐妹窗口（属于同一进程的窗口）执行此操作。
采纳答案by NineBerry
You can use the GetTopWindow function to search all child windows of a parent window and return a handle to the child window that is highest in z-order. The GetNextWindow function retrieves a handle to the next or previous window in z-order.
您可以使用 GetTopWindow 函数搜索父窗口的所有子窗口，并返回 z 顺序最高的子窗口的句柄。GetNextWindow 函数按 z 顺序检索下一个或上一个窗口的句柄。
GetTopWindow: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633514(VS.85).aspx
GetNextWindow: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633509(VS.85).aspx
GetTopWindow：http: //msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633514(
VS.85 ) .aspxGetNextWindow：http: //msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633509(VS.85 ) .aspx
回答by MightyZot
// Find z-order for window.
Process[] procs = Process.GetProcessesByName("notepad");
Process top = null;
int topz = int.MaxValue;
foreach (Process p in procs)
{
IntPtr handle = p.MainWindowHandle;
int z = 0;
do
{
z++;
handle = GetWindow(handle, 3);
} while(handle != IntPtr.Zero);
if (z < topz)
{
top = p;
topz = z;
}
}
if(top != null)
Debug.WriteLine(top.MainWindowTitle);
回答by jnm2
Nice and terse:
漂亮而简洁：
int GetZOrder(IntPtr hWnd)
{
var z = 0;
for (var h = hWnd; h != IntPtr.Zero; h = GetWindow(h, GW.HWNDPREV)) z++;
return z;
}
If you need more reliability:
如果您需要更高的可靠性：
/// <summary>
/// Gets the z-order for one or more windows atomically with respect to each other. In Windows, smaller z-order is higher. If the window is not top level, the z order is returned as -1.
/// </summary>
int[] GetZOrder(params IntPtr[] hWnds)
{
var z = new int[hWnds.Length];
for (var i = 0; i < hWnds.Length; i++) z[i] = -1;
var index = 0;
var numRemaining = hWnds.Length;
EnumWindows((wnd, param) =>
{
var searchIndex = Array.IndexOf(hWnds, wnd);
if (searchIndex != -1)
{
z[searchIndex] = index;
numRemaining--;
if (numRemaining == 0) return false;
}
index++;
return true;
}, IntPtr.Zero);
return z;
}
(According to the Remarks section on GetWindow, EnumChildWindowsis safer than calling GetWindowin a loop because your GetWindowloop is not atomic to outside changes. According to the Parameters section for EnumChildWindows, calling with a null parent is equivalent to EnumWindows.)
（根据 的备注部分GetWindow，EnumChildWindows比GetWindow在循环中调用更安全，因为您的GetWindow循环对于外部更改不是原子的。根据 的参数部分EnumChildWindows，使用 null 父级调用等效于EnumWindows。）
Then instead of a separate call to EnumWindowsfor each window, which would also be not be atomic and safe from concurrent changes, you send each window you want to compare in a params array so their z-orders can all be retrieved at the same time.
然后，不是EnumWindows对每个窗口单独调用，这对于并发更改也不是原子和安全的，而是将要比较的每个窗口发送到 params 数组中，以便可以同时检索它们的 z 顺序。
回答by Kino101
Here is my C# solution: The function returns the zIndex among the siblings of the given HWND, starting at 0 for the lowest zOrder.
这是我的 C# 解决方案：该函数返回给定 HWND 的兄弟中的 zIndex，从最低 zOrder 的 0 开始。
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace Win32
{
public static class HwndHelper
{
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetWindow(IntPtr hWnd, uint uCmd);
public static bool GetWindowZOrder(IntPtr hwnd, out int zOrder)
{
const uint GW_HWNDPREV = 3;
const uint GW_HWNDLAST = 1;
var lowestHwnd = GetWindow(hwnd, GW_HWNDLAST);
var z = 0;
var hwndTmp = lowestHwnd;
while (hwndTmp != IntPtr.Zero)
{
if (hwnd == hwndTmp)
{
zOrder = z;
return true;
}
hwndTmp = GetWindow(hwndTmp, GW_HWNDPREV);
z++;
}
zOrder = int.MinValue;
return false;
}
}
}
回答by Sergio Cabral
For get Z-Order implement this function (by using GetWindowWindows API function)
对于获取 Z-Order 实现此功能（通过使用GetWindowWindows API 功能）
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern IntPtr GetWindow(IntPtr hWnd, uint uCmd);
static int GetWindowZOrder(IntPtr hWnd)
{
var zOrder = -1;
while ((hWnd = GetWindow(hWnd, 2 /* GW_HWNDNEXT */)) != IntPtr.Zero) zOrder++;
return zOrder;
}
The return value is a zero-based index. Returning -1 indicates an invalid hWnd.
返回值是一个从零开始的索引。返回 -1 表示无效的 hWnd。
The approach is to go up through the windows to the top. The total number of climbs is the value of the Z-Order.
方法是通过窗户到顶部。爬升的总数就是 Z-Order 的值。
