什么是“git push origin master”？帮助 git 的 refs、heads 和 remotes
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What is `git push origin master`? Help with git's refs, heads and remotes
提问by Terry
I have a question about what git push origin masterdoes:
我有一个关于什么的问题git push origin master：
- I know that
originis the remote (aka GitHub) git push origin masteris the same asgit push origin master_on_my_machine:master_on_github
- 我知道那
origin是遥控器（又名 GitHub） git push origin master是相同的git push origin master_on_my_machine:master_on_github
I don't know if:
我不知道：
master_on_my_machineis equal to/refs/heads/mastermaster_of_githubis equal to/refs/remotes/origin/master
master_on_my_machine等于/refs/heads/mastermaster_of_github等于/refs/remotes/origin/master
If it's equal, should it be possible to do
git push origin refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin/master?
如果相等，应该可以做
git push origin refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin/master吗？
Finally, what I want to do is only type git pushand git pullwhen:
最后，我想做的只是输入git push和git pull何时：
- I'm on a master branch
- I want to push and pull from a my_test branch on github, only typing
git pushandgit pull.
- 我在主分支上
- 我想从 github 上的 my_test 分支推送和拉取，只输入
git push和git pull.
回答by ghickman
Git has two types of branches: localand remote. To use git pulland git pushas you'd like, you have to tell your local branch (my_test) which remote branch it's tracking. In typical Git fashion this can be done in both the config file and with commands.
Git 有两种类型的分支：local和remote. 要使用git pull并且git push如您所愿，您必须告诉您的本地分支 ( my_test) 它正在跟踪哪个远程分支。在典型的 Git 方式中，这可以在配置文件和命令中完成。
Commands
命令
Make sure you're on your masterbranch with
确保你在你的master分支上
1)git checkout master
1)git checkout master
then create the new branch with
然后创建新分支
2)git branch --track my_test origin/my_test
2)git branch --track my_test origin/my_test
and check it out with
并检查它
3)git checkout my_test.
3）git checkout my_test。
You can then pushand pullwithout specifying which local and remote.
然后push，您可以pull无需指定本地和远程。
However if you've already created the branch then you can use the -uswitch to tell git's pushand pullyou'd like to use the specified local and remote branches from now on, like so:
但是，如果您已经创建了分支，那么您可以使用-uswitch 来告诉 gitpush并且pull您希望从现在开始使用指定的本地和远程分支，如下所示：
git pull -u my_test origin/my_test
git push -u my_test origin/my_test
Config
配置
The commands to setup remote branch tracking are fairly straight forward but I'm listing the config way as well as I find it easier if I'm setting up a bunch of tracking branches. Using your favourite editor open up your project's .git/configand add the following to the bottom.
设置远程分支跟踪的命令相当简单，但我列出了配置方式，如果我设置一堆跟踪分支，我发现它更容易。使用您最喜欢的编辑器打开您的项目.git/config并将以下内容添加到底部。
[remote "origin"]
url = [email protected]:username/repo.git
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
[branch "my_test"]
remote = origin
merge = refs/heads/my_test
This specifies a remote called origin, in this case a GitHub style one, and then tells the branch my_testto use it as it's remote.
这指定了一个名为 的远程origin，在本例中为 GitHub 风格的远程，然后告诉分支my_test使用它作为远程。
You can find something very similar to this in the config after running the commands above.
运行上述命令后，您可以在配置中找到与此非常相似的内容。
Some useful resources:
一些有用的资源：
回答by tfischbach
Or as a single command:
或者作为单个命令：
git push -u origin master:my_test
Pushes the commits from your local master branch to a (possibly new) remote branch my_testand sets up masterto track origin/my_test.
将提交从本地 master 分支推送到（可能是新的）远程分支my_test并设置master为跟踪origin/my_test.
