bash 登录mac时运行脚本

Running script upon login mac

提问by MZimmerman6

I am wondering if anyone is able to help me out with getting a .sh file to run when I log in to my account on my computer. I am running Mac OS X 10.6.7.

我想知道当我在我的计算机上登录我的帐户时，是否有人能够帮助我运行 .sh 文件。我正在运行 Mac OS X 10.6.7。

I have a file "Example.sh" that I want to run when I log onto my computer. I do not have a problem running it when I am already logged in, but I want this to run automatically.

我有一个文件“Example.sh”，我想在登录到我的计算机时运行它。我已经登录后运行它没有问题，但我希望它自动运行。

People are saying to add it to the login shell file, but I do not know where that is. Some help please.

人们说要将它添加到登录 shell 文件中，但我不知道它在哪里。请一些帮助。

回答by trisweb

tl;dr: use OSX's native process launcher and manager, launchd.

tl;dr：使用 OSX 的本机进程启动器和管理器，launchd.

To do so, make a launchctldaemon. You'll have full control over all aspects of the script. You can run once or keep alive as a daemon. In most cases, this is the way to go.

为此，请创建一个launchctl守护进程。您将完全控制脚本的所有方面。您可以运行一次或作为守护进程保持活动状态。在大多数情况下，这是要走的路。

1. Create a .plistfile according to the instructions in the Apple Dev docs hereor more detail below.
2. Place in ~/Library/LaunchAgents
3. Log in (or run manually via launchctl load [filename.plist])

1. .plist根据此处 Apple Dev 文档中的说明或下面的更多详细信息创建文件。
2. 放入 ~/Library/LaunchAgents
3. 登录（或通过手动运行launchctl load [filename.plist]）

For more on launchd, the wikipedia articleis quite good and describes the system and its advantages over other older systems.

有关更多信息launchd，维基百科文章非常好，描述了该系统及其相对于其他旧系统的优势。

---

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Here's the specific plist file to run a script at login.

这是在 login 时运行脚本的特定 plist 文件。

Updated 2017/09/25 for OSX El Capitan and newer (credit to José Messias Jr):

2017 年 9 月 25 日更新了 OSX El Capitan 和更新版本（归功于José Messias Jr）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
   <key>Label</key>
   <string>com.user.loginscript</string>
   <key>ProgramArguments</key>
   <array><string>/path/to/executable/script.sh</string></array>
   <key>RunAtLoad</key>
   <true/>
</dict>
</plist>

Replace the <string>after the Program key with your desired command (note that any script referenced by that command must be executable: chmod a+x /path/to/executable/script.shto ensure it is for all users).

<string>用您想要的命令替换Program 键之后的（请注意，该命令引用的任何脚本都必须是可执行的：chmod a+x /path/to/executable/script.sh以确保它适用于所有用户）。

Save as ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.user.loginscript.plist

另存为 ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.user.loginscript.plist

Run launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.user.loginscript.plistand log out/in to test (or to test directly, run launchctl start com.user.loginscript)

运行launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.user.loginscript.plist并注销/登录以进行测试（或直接测试，运行launchctl start com.user.loginscript）

Tail /var/log/system.logfor error messages.

/var/log/system.log错误消息的尾部。

The key is that this is a User-specific launchd entry, so it will be run on login for the given user. System-specific launch daemons (placed in /Library/LaunchDaemons) are run on boot.

关键是这是一个特定于用户的启动条目，因此它将在给定用户登录时运行。特定于系统的启动守护程序（放置在 中/Library/LaunchDaemons）在启动时运行。

If you want a script to run on login for all users, I believe LoginHook is your only option, and that's probably the reason it exists.

如果您希望脚本在所有用户登录时运行，我相信 LoginHook 是您唯一的选择，这可能就是它存在的原因。

回答by jm666

Follow this:

按照这个：

• start Automator.app
• select Application
• click Show libraryin the toolbar (if hidden)
• add Run shell script(from the Actions/Utilities)
• copy & paste your script into the window
• test it

• save somewhere (for example you can make an Applicationsfolder in your HOME, you will get an your_name.app)

• go to System Preferences-> Accounts-> Login items

• add this app
• test & done ;)

• 开始 Automator.app
• 选择 Application
• 单击Show library工具栏中的（如果隐藏）
• 添加Run shell script（来自Actions/Utilities）
• 将您的脚本复制并粘贴到窗口中
• 测试一下

• 保存在某个地方（例如，您可以Applications在 HOME 中创建一个文件夹，您将获得一个your_name.app）

• 去System Preferences-> Accounts->Login items

• 添加此应用
• 测试 & 完成;)

EDIT:

编辑：

I've recently earned a "Good answer" badge for this answer. While my solution is simple and working, the cleanest way to run any program or shell script at login time is described in @trisweb's answer, unless, you want interactivity.

我最近为这个答案赢得了“好答案”徽章。虽然我的解决方案简单且有效，但@trisweb 的回答中描述了在登录时运行任何程序或 shell 脚本的最简洁方法，除非您需要交互性。

With automator solution you can do things like next:

使用自动化解决方案，您可以执行以下操作：

so, asking to run a script or quit the app, asking passwords, running other automator workflows at login time, conditionally run applications at login time and so on...

因此，要求运行脚本或退出应用程序、询问密码、在登录时运行其他自动化工作流、在登录时有条件地运行应用程序等等......

回答by anubhava

1. Create your shell script as login.shin your $HOME folder.

2. Paste the following one-line script into Script Editor:

   do shell script "$HOME/login.sh"

3. Then save it as an application.

4. Finally add the application to your login items.

1. login.sh在 $HOME 文件夹中创建 shell 脚本。

2. 将以下单行脚本粘贴到脚本编辑器中：

   做shell脚本“$HOME/login.sh”

3. 然后将其另存为应用程序。

4. 最后将应用程序添加到您的登录项。

If you want to make the script output visual, you can swap step 2 for this:

如果要使脚本输出可视化，可以为此交换步骤 2：

tell application "Terminal"
  activate
  do script "$HOME/login.sh"
end tell

If multiple commands are needed something like this can be used:

如果需要多个命令，可以使用这样的东西：

tell application "Terminal"
  activate
  do script "cd $HOME"
  do script "./login.sh" in window 1
end tell