如何在 Windows 上使用 Perl 从 STDIN 读取单个字符？
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How do I read a single character from STDIN using Perl on Windows?
提问by Mike Willekes
Using Perl, how do I capture a single character from STDINwithout needing the user to hit enter (similar to C's getch()function)?
使用 Perl，如何在STDIN不需要用户按 Enter 键的情况下捕获单个字符（类似于 C 的getch()功能）？
Perl has a getc()function, but according to the perlfunc:
Perl 有一个getc()函数，但根据perlfunc：
However, it cannot be used by itself to fetch single characters without waiting for the user to hit enter.
但是，它本身不能用于在不等待用户按 Enter 的情况下获取单个字符。
The perlfunc docs doprovides a way to read a single character using getc()but it requires manipulating the terminal settings using stty. The script I'm writing needs to work on Windows (without cygwin, msys, etc.) - so that's not an option.
perlfunc 文档确实提供了一种使用读取单个字符的方法，getc()但它需要使用stty. 我正在编写的脚本需要在 Windows 上运行（没有 cygwin、msys 等）——所以这不是一个选项。
回答by brian d foy
From perlfaq5's answer to How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
从perlfaq5对如何从文件中读取单个字符的回答？从键盘？
You can use the builtin getc() function for most filehandles, but it won't (easily) work on a terminal device. For STDIN, either use the Term::ReadKeymodule from CPAN or use the sample code in getc in perlfunc.
您可以对大多数文件句柄使用内置的 getc() 函数，但它不会（很容易）在终端设备上工作。对于 STDIN，要么使用CPAN 中的Term::ReadKey模块，要么使用perlfunc 中 getc 中的示例代码。
If your system supports the portable operating system programming interface (POSIX), you can use the following code, which you'll note turns off echo processing as well.
如果您的系统支持可移植操作系统编程接口 (POSIX)，您可以使用以下代码，您会注意到该代码也会关闭回声处理。
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
$| = 1;
for (1..4) {
my $got;
print "gimme: ";
$got = getone();
print "--> $got\n";
}
exit;
BEGIN {
use POSIX qw(:termios_h);
my ($term, $oterm, $echo, $noecho, $fd_stdin);
$fd_stdin = fileno(STDIN);
$term = POSIX::Termios->new();
$term->getattr($fd_stdin);
$oterm = $term->getlflag();
$echo = ECHO | ECHOK | ICANON;
$noecho = $oterm & ~$echo;
sub cbreak {
$term->setlflag($noecho);
$term->setcc(VTIME, 1);
$term->setattr($fd_stdin, TCSANOW);
}
sub cooked {
$term->setlflag($oterm);
$term->setcc(VTIME, 0);
$term->setattr($fd_stdin, TCSANOW);
}
sub getone {
my $key = '';
cbreak();
sysread(STDIN, $key, 1);
cooked();
return $key;
}
}
END { cooked() }
The Term::ReadKey module from CPAN may be easier to use. Recent versions include also support for non-portable systems as well.
CPAN 的 Term::ReadKey 模块可能更容易使用。最近的版本还包括对非便携式系统的支持。
use Term::ReadKey;
open(TTY, "</dev/tty");
print "Gimme a char: ";
ReadMode "raw";
$key = ReadKey 0, *TTY;
ReadMode "normal";
printf "\nYou said %s, char number %03d\n",
$key, ord $key;
回答by Jonathan Feinberg
You want this module: Term::ReadKey.
你想要这个模块：Term::ReadKey。
