Java 与JPA一起使用时，如何让Hibernate自动在数据库中创建表？
声明：本页面是StackOverFlow热门问题的中英对照翻译，遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议，如果您需要使用它，必须同样遵循CC BY-SA许可，注明原文地址和作者信息，同时你必须将它归于原作者（不是我）：StackOverFlow
原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24916810/
Warning: these are provided under cc-by-sa 4.0 license. You are free to use/share it, But you must attribute it to the original authors (not me):
StackOverFlow
提示：将鼠标放在中文语句上可以显示对应的英文。显示中英文
时间：2020-08-14 15:38:38 来源:igfitidea点击:
How to let Hibernate create tables in database automatically when used with JPA?
提问by Harsh M
I am new to JPA, And for now I am trying to understand standard examples, I was reading online and saw a few stackoverflow questions, What I found in all of them is the following statement will allow hibernate to create tables at run-time.
我是 JPA 的新手，现在我正在尝试理解标准示例，我在网上阅读并看到了一些 stackoverflow 问题，我在所有这些问题中发现以下语句将允许 hibernate 在运行时创建表。
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create
But Whenever I run my code without tables in mysql database, it throws the following error :
但是每当我在 mysql 数据库中没有表的情况下运行我的代码时，它会抛出以下错误：
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v1.1.4.RELEASE)
2014-07-24 09:44:25.365 INFO 8496 --- [ main] o.s.d.j.e.r.simple.SimpleConfiguration : Starting SimpleConfiguration on harmathu-WS with PID 8496 (C:\Songs\spring-data-jpa-examples\spring-data-jpa-example\target\classes started by harmathu in C:\Songs\spring-data-jpa-examples\spring-data-jpa-example)
2014-07-24 09:44:25.421 INFO 8496 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@429bd883: startup date [Thu Jul 24 09:44:25 IST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
2014-07-24 09:44:26.722 INFO 8496 --- [ main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Building JPA container EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2014-07-24 09:44:26.747 INFO 8496 --- [ main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [
name: default
...]
2014-07-24 09:44:26.831 INFO 8496 --- [ main] org.hibernate.Version : HHH000412: Hibernate Core {4.3.5.Final}
2014-07-24 09:44:26.834 INFO 8496 --- [ main] org.hibernate.cfg.Environment : HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
2014-07-24 09:44:26.836 INFO 8496 --- [ main] org.hibernate.cfg.Environment : HHH000021: Bytecode provider name : javassist
2014-07-24 09:44:27.172 INFO 8496 --- [ main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {4.0.4.Final}
2014-07-24 09:44:27.390 INFO 8496 --- [ main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
2014-07-24 09:44:27.571 INFO 8496 --- [ main] o.h.h.i.ast.ASTQueryTranslatorFactory : HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
2014-07-24 09:44:28.392 WARN 8496 --- [ main] o.h.hql.internal.ast.HqlSqlWalker : [DEPRECATION] Encountered positional parameter near line 1, column 97. Positional parameter are considered deprecated; use named parameters or JPA-style positional parameters instead.
2014-07-24 09:44:28.567 INFO 8496 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2014-07-24 09:44:28.591 INFO 8496 --- [ main] o.s.d.j.e.r.simple.SimpleConfiguration : Started SimpleConfiguration in 3.611 seconds (JVM running for 4.607)
2014-07-24 09:44:28.658 WARN 8496 --- [ main] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : SQL Error: 1146, SQLState: 42S02
2014-07-24 09:44:28.659 ERROR 8496 --- [ main] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : Table 'test_auditor.app_user' doesn't exist
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessResourceUsageException: could not execute statement; SQL [n/a]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not execute statement
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.convertHibernateAccessException(HibernateJpaDialect.java:172)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(HibernateJpaDialect.java:155)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.translateExceptionIfPossible(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:417)
at org.springframework.dao.support.ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.java:59)
at org.springframework.dao.support.DataAccessUtils.translateIfNecessary(DataAccessUtils.java:213)
at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:147)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.CrudMethodMetadataPostProcessor$CrudMethodMetadataPopulatingMethodIntercceptor.invoke(CrudMethodMetadataPostProcessor.java:111)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:207)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy56.save(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.data.jpa.example.repository.simple.SimpleConfiguration.main(SimpleConfiguration.java:45)
Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not execute statement
at org.hibernate.exception.internal.SQLExceptionTypeDelegate.convert(SQLExceptionTypeDelegate.java:80)
at org.hibernate.exception.internal.StandardSQLExceptionConverter.convert(StandardSQLExceptionConverter.java:49)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:126)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:112)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.ResultSetReturnImpl.executeUpdate(ResultSetReturnImpl.java:190)
at org.hibernate.id.IdentityGenerator$GetGeneratedKeysDelegate.executeAndExtract(IdentityGenerator.java:96)
at org.hibernate.id.insert.AbstractReturningDelegate.performInsert(AbstractReturningDelegate.java:58)
at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:3032)
at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:3558)
at org.hibernate.action.internal.EntityIdentityInsertAction.execute(EntityIdentityInsertAction.java:98)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.execute(ActionQueue.java:490)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.addResolvedEntityInsertAction(ActionQueue.java:195)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.addInsertAction(ActionQueue.java:179)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.addAction(ActionQueue.java:214)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.addInsertAction(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:324)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSaveOrReplicate(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:288)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:194)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:125)
at org.hibernate.jpa.event.internal.core.JpaPersistEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(JpaPersistEventListener.java:84)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultPersistEventListener.entityIsTransient(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:206)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultPersistEventListener.onPersist(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:149)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultPersistEventListener.onPersist(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:75)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.firePersist(SessionImpl.java:811)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.persist(SessionImpl.java:784)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.persist(SessionImpl.java:789)
at org.hibernate.jpa.spi.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.persist(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:1181)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.SharedEntityManagerCreator$SharedEntityManagerInvocationHandler.invoke(SharedEntityManagerCreator.java:289)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy49.persist(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.SimpleJpaRepository.save(SimpleJpaRepository.java:389)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.executeMethodOn(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:405)
at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.doInvoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:390)
at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.invoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:344)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:98)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:262)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:95)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:136)
... 8 more
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'test_auditor.app_user' doesn't exist
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:408)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:383)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1062)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:4226)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:4158)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:2615)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2776)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2840)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeInternal(PreparedStatement.java:2082)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdate(PreparedStatement.java:2334)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdate(PreparedStatement.java:2262)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdate(PreparedStatement.java:2246)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.ResultSetReturnImpl.executeUpdate(ResultSetReturnImpl.java:187)
... 49 more
2014-07-24 09:44:28.674 INFO 8496 --- [ Thread-1] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@429bd883: startup date [Thu Jul 24 09:44:25 IST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
2014-07-24 09:44:28.676 INFO 8496 --- [ Thread-1] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown
2014-07-24 09:44:28.678 INFO 8496 --- [ Thread-1] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
I have application.properties as this :
我有 application.properties 如下：
################### DataSource Configuration ##########################
spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test_auditor
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=<password>
################### Hibernate Configuration ##########################
hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
hibernate.show_sql=true
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create
Users.java :
用户.java :
package org.springframework.data.jpa.example.repository.simple;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.AbstractPersistable;
/**
* Sample user class.
*
* @author Oliver Gierke
* @author Thomas Darimont
*/
@Entity
@Table (name="app_User")
@NamedQuery(name = "User.findByTheUsersName", query = "SELECT u FROM User u where u.username = ?")
public class User extends AbstractPersistable<Long> {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2952735933715107252L;
@Column(name="username", unique = true) private String username;
@Column (name="firstname")
private String firstname;
@Column (name="lastname")
private String lastname;
public User() {
this(null);
}
/**
* Creates a new user instance.
*/
public User(Long id) {
this.setId(id);
}
public User(String username, String firstname, String lastname) {
this.firstname = firstname;
this.lastname = lastname;
this.username = username;
}
/**
* Returns the username.
*
* @return
*/
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
/**
* @param username the username to set
*/
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
/**
* @return the firstname
*/
public String getFirstname() {
return firstname;
}
/**
* @param firstname the firstname to set
*/
public void setFirstname(String firstname) {
this.firstname = firstname;
}
/**
* @return the lastname
*/
public String getLastname() {
return lastname;
}
/**
* @param lastname the lastname to set
*/
public void setLastname(String lastname) {
this.lastname = lastname;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format(
"User[id=%d, username='%s', firstName='%s', lastName='%s']",
super.getId(), this.username, this.firstname, this.lastname);
}
}
Simple Configuration.java :
简单的 Configuration.java ：
package org.springframework.data.jpa.example.repository.simple;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
/**
* @author Oliver Gierke
*/
@Configuration
@PropertySource(value = { "classpath:application.properties" })
@EnableJpaRepositories
@EnableAutoConfiguration
class SimpleConfiguration {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(
SimpleConfiguration.class);
SimpleUserRepository repository = context
.getBean(SimpleUserRepository.class);
repository.save(new User("harmathu", "Harsh", "Mathur"));
repository.save(new User("vibmathu", "Vibhor", "Mathur"));
repository.save(new User("Hymanbau", "Hyman", "Bauer"));
repository.save(new User("chobr", "Chloe", "O'Brian"));
repository.save(new User("kimbau", "Kim", "Bauer"));
repository.save(new User("davipa", "David", "Palmer"));
repository.save(new User("midess", "Michelle", "Dessler"));
Iterable<User> users = repository.findAll();
System.out.println("Users found with findAll():");
System.out.println("-------------------------------");
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println(user);
}
System.out.println();
User user = repository.findOne(1L);
System.out.println("User found with findOne(1L):");
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
System.out.println(user);
System.out.println();
User bauers = repository.findByTheUsersName("chobr");
System.out.println("User found with findByLastName('Bauer'):");
System.out.println("--------------------------------------------");
System.out.println(bauers);
context.close();
}
}
采纳答案by Chris Savory
I think this is a Spring Boot issue and not a Spring Data JPA issue.
我认为这是 Spring Boot 问题，而不是 Spring Data JPA 问题。
Try changing your properties from:
尝试从以下位置更改您的属性：
hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
hibernate.show_sql=true
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create
to:
到：
spring.jpa.database=MYSQL
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create
回答by wojtek88
For me it looks like Hibernate did not create table because You've tried to create table with the same name as keyword 'user' (But You did not provide whole logs). Could You change the name of the table using @Table annotation to for example 'app_user'?
对我来说，Hibernate 似乎没有创建表，因为您尝试创建与关键字“用户”同名的表（但您没有提供完整的日志）。您可以使用@Table 批注将表的名称更改为例如“app_user”吗？
