bash 将简单的 shell 脚本作为 cronjob 运行

Running a simple shell script as a cronjob

提问by tomtomssi

I have a very simple shell script I need to run as a cronjob but I can't get even the test scripts to run. Here's and example script:

我有一个非常简单的 shell 脚本，我需要作为 cronjob 运行，但我什至无法运行测试脚本。这是示例脚本：

/home/myUser/scripts/test.sh

/home/myUser/scripts/test.sh

#!/bin/bash
touch file.txt

crontab:

定时任务：

* * * * * /home/myUser/scripts/test.sh

The script runs fine from the terminal but can't get it to run as a cronjob. So far I've tried these in crontab:

该脚本在终端上运行良好，但无法将其作为 cronjob 运行。到目前为止，我已经在 crontab 中尝试过这些：

SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

* * * * * /bin/bash /home/myUser/scripts/test.sh

And this in the the script file:

这在脚本文件中：

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/home/myUser/scripts

From what I've gathered the solution might be in the PATH variable but I can't figure out what it is since my understanding is very limited at this point. So my question is, how do I get my scripts to run as cronjobs?

从我收集到的解决方案可能在 PATH 变量中，但我无法弄清楚它是什么，因为此时我的理解非常有限。所以我的问题是，如何让我的脚本作为 cronjobs 运行？

EDIT:the file has rwx permissions for all users. This is just for testing purposes.

编辑：该文件对所有用户都有 rwx 权限。这仅用于测试目的。

EDIT:cronjobs such as * * * * * touch /home/myUser/scripts/test.txtwork but it wont run scripts.

编辑：cronjobs 之类的* * * * * touch /home/myUser/scripts/test.txt工作，但它不会运行脚本。

采纳答案by Gordon Davisson

What directory is file.txt in? cron runs jobs in your home directory, so unless your script cds somewhere else, that's where it's going to look for/create file.txt.

file.txt 在哪个目录？cron 在您的主目录中运行作业，因此除非您的脚本cd位于其他位置，否则它将在那里查找/创建 file.txt。

EDIT: When you refer to a file without specifying its full path (e.g. file.txt, as opposed to the full path /home/myUser/scripts/file.txt) in shell, it's taken that you're referring to a file in your current working directory. When you run a script (whether interactively or via crontab), the script's working directory has nothing at all to do with the location of the script itself; instead, it's inherited from whatever ran the script.

编辑：当您在 shell 中引用一个文件而不指定其完整路径（例如file.txt，与完整路径相反/home/myUser/scripts/file.txt）时，就认为您指的是当前工作目录中的文件。当你运行一个脚本时（无论是交互的还是通过 crontab 的），脚本的工作目录与脚本本身的位置没有任何关系；相反，它是从运行脚本的任何地方继承的。

Thus, if you cd(change working directory) to the directory the script's in and then run it, file.txtwill refer to a file in the same directory as the script. But if you don't cdthere first, file.txtwill refer to a file in whatever directory you happen to be in when you ran the script. For instance, if your home directory is /home/myUser, and you open a new shell and immediately run the script (as scripts/test.shor /home/myUser/scripts/test.sh; ./test.shwon't work), it'll touch the file /home/myUser/file.txt because /home/myUser is your current working directory (and therefore the script's).

因此，如果您cd（更改工作目录）到脚本所在的目录然后运行它，file.txt将引用与脚本位于同一目录中的文件。但是，如果您不cd先file.txt在那里，将引用您运行脚本时碰巧所在的任何目录中的文件。例如，如果您的主目录是 /home/myUser，并且您打开一个新的 shell 并立即运行脚本（asscripts/test.sh或/home/myUser/scripts/test.sh;./test.sh不起作用），它会触及文件 /home/myUser/file.txt 因为 / home/myUser 是您当前的工作目录（也是脚本的目录）。

When you run a script from cron, it does essentially the same thing: it runs it with the working directory set to your home directory. Thus all file references in the script are taken relative to your home directory, unless the script cds somewhere else or specifies an absolute path to the file.

当您从 运行脚本时cron，它做的事情本质上是一样的：它运行时将工作目录设置为您的主目录。因此，脚本中的所有文件引用都是相对于您的主目录进行的，除非脚本cd位于其他地方或指定了文件的绝对路径。

回答by tomtomssi

The easiest way would be to use a GUI:

最简单的方法是使用 GUI：

For Gnome use gnome-schedule (universe)

对于 Gnome 使用gnome-schedule (universe)

sudo apt-get install gnome-schedule 

For KDE use kde-config-cron

对于 KDE 使用kde-config-cron

It should be pre installed on Kubuntu

But if you use a headless linux or don′t want GUI′s you may use:

但是，如果您使用无头 linux 或不想要 GUI，您可以使用：

crontab -e

If you type it into Terminal you′ll get a table.
You have to insert your cronjobs now.
Format a job like this:

如果你在终端中输入它，你会得到一张桌子。
您现在必须插入您的 cronjobs。
像这样格式化作业：

*     *     *     *     *  YOURCOMMAND
-     -     -     -     -
|     |     |     |     |
|     |     |     |     +----- Day in Week (0 to 7) (Sunday is 0 and 7)
|     |     |     +------- Month (1 to 12)
|     |     +--------- Day in Month (1 to 31)
|     +----------- Hour (0 to 23)
+------------- Minute (0 to 59)

There are some shorts, too (if you don′t want the *):

还有一些短裤（如果你不想要 *）：

@reboot --> only once at startup
@daily ---> once a day
@midnight --> once a day at midnight
@hourly --> once a hour
@weekly --> once a week
@monthly --> once a month
@annually --> once a year
@yearly --> once a year

If you want to use the shorts as cron (because they don′t work or so):

如果您想将短裤用作 cron（因为它们不起作用）：

@daily --> 0 0 * * *
@midnight --> 0 0 * * *
@hourly --> 0 * * * *
@weekly --> 0 0 * * 0
@monthly --> 0 0 1 * *
@annually --> 0 0 1 1 *
@yearly --> 0 0 1 1 *

回答by Ranjithkumar T

Try,

尝试，

 # cat test.sh
 #!/bin/bash
 /bin/touch file.txt

cron as:

cron 为：

 * * * * * /bin/sh /home/myUser/scripts/test.sh

And you can confirm this by:

您可以通过以下方式确认：

 # tailf /var/log/cron

回答by Sanidhya Srivastava

Specify complete path and grant proper permission to scriptfile. I tried following script file to run through cron:

指定完整路径并授予脚本文件适当的权限。我尝试使用以下脚本文件来运行 cron：

#!/bin/bash
/bin/mkdir /scratch/ofsaaweb/CHEF_FICHOME/ficdb/bin/crondir

And crontab command is

而 crontab 命令是

* * * * * /bin/bash /scratch/ofsaaweb/CHEF_FICHOME/ficdb/bin/test.sh

It worked for me.

它对我有用。

回答by virus

It should run properly at cron also. Please check below things.

它也应该在 cron 上正常运行。请检查以下事项。

1- You are editing proper file to set cron.

1- 您正在编辑正确的文件以设置 cron。

2- You have given proper permission(execute permission) to script mean your script is executable.

2-您已授予脚本适当的权限（执行权限）意味着您的脚本是可执行的。