使用Packstack在CentOS 7上安装OpenStack
时间：2020-02-23 14:40:12 来源:igfitidea点击:
在CentOS 7或者RHEL 7 Linux上安装openstack的循序渐进指南。
使用packstack CentOS的Openstack安装指南。
7在RHEL或者CentOS 7 Linux中使用packstack的逐步安装指南。
在CentOS 7 Linux上安装OpenStack。
Openstack安装指南在CentOS 7上为单节点。
在CentOS 7或者RHEL 7 Linux服务器上使用packstack进行Openstack安装的逐步指南。
在CentOS 7上安装Openstack。
在centos 7上逐步安装openstack。
如何使用Packstack在CentOS 7上安装openstack。
尽管即使使用packstack，我们也可以使用"两个或者多个计算节点"启动多节点openstack部署，但是"使用packstack安装openstack时，不能有多个控制器节点"。
在本文中，将介绍分步教程，以使用Packstack在CentOS 7和RHEL 7上安装OpenStack。
什么是OpenStack？
OpenStack项目，也称为云操作系统，由许多开发单独子系统的不同项目组成。
任何OpenStack安装都只能包含其中一部分。
某些子系统甚至可以单独使用，也可以作为任何其他OpenSource项目的一部分使用。
随着新堆栈的出现以及现有堆栈功能的分离，它们的数量在OpenStack项目的版本之间不断增加。
例如，nova-volume服务被提取为单独的Cinder项目。
确保在刀片服务器上启用并支持虚拟机管理程序
# grep -E ' svm | vmx' /proc/cpuinfo
我们应该在处理器支持的标志中看到svm或者vmx。
同样，如果我们执行命令：
# lsmod | grep kvm kvm_intel 143187 3 kvm 455843 1 kvm_intel
或者
# lsmod | grep kvm kvm_amd 60314 3 kvm 461126 1 kvm_amd
我们应该看到内存中加载了两个内核模块。
kvm是独立于供应商的模块，kvm_intel或者kvm_amd分别执行VT-x或者AMD-V功能。
OpenStack发行版的下载链接
Red Hat OpenStack Platform(60天试用版)https://www.redhat.com/en/insights/openstack
Red Hat的RDO https://www.rdoproject.org/
Mirantis OpenStack https://www.mirantis.com/products/mirantis-openstacksoftware/
Ubuntu OpenStackhttp://www.ubuntu.com/cloud/openstack
SUSE OpenStack Cloud(60天试用版)https://www.suse.com/products/suse-openstack-cloud/
重要的提示：
如果使用的是虚拟环境，则可以在安装和配置openstack之前拍摄快照，以便在发生任何故障时可以还原。
在物理环境上，我们可以备份分区，以后可以在发生任何故障时还原分区。
使用Packstack在CentOS 7上安装Openstack
Packstack提供了一种在一个或者多台计算机上部署OpenStack Platform环境的简便方法，因为它可以通过应答文件进行自定义，该文件包含一组允许自定义基础Openstack Platform服务的参数。
什么是答案文件？
Packstack默认情况下提供一个答案文件模板，该模板可在一个环境中全部部署。
当非交互地运行packstack命令时，必须通过文本文件(称为答案文件)而不是通过标准输入来提供配置选项。
启动物理主机服务器
首先，我们需要一个基础服务器，在该基础服务器上我们将创建我用RHEL 7.4购买了服务器的整个Openstack云
下次登录到服务器并使用Red Hat Subscription注册
使用"应用程序安装程序"安装Virtual Machine Manager(如果尚未安装)
下一步开始按照以下各章中的说明创建虚拟机
配置BIND DNS服务器
在使用Packstack在CentOS 7上安装OpenStack之前，建议使用DNS服务器。
以下是我的示例配置文件
# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named
控制器和计算节点的前向区域配置文件
# cat example.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA example. root ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum @ IN NS example. IN A 127.0.0.1 IN A 10.43.138.12 openstack IN A 10.43.138.12 controller IN A 192.168.122.49 compute IN A 192.168.122.215 compute-rhel IN A 192.168.122.13 controller-rhel IN A 192.168.122.12
我托管OpenStack的物理主机服务器的第一个反向区域文件
# cat example.rzone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA example. root.example. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum @ IN NS example. IN A 127.0.0.1 IN PTR localhost. 12 IN PTR openstack.example.
控制器和计算节点的第二个反向区域文件
# cat openstack.rzone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA example. root.example. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum @ IN NS example. IN A 127.0.0.1 IN PTR localhost. 49 IN PTR controller.example. 215 IN PTR compute.example. 12 IN PTR controller-rhel.example. 13 IN PTR compute-rhel.example.
启动Compute VM
基本服务之一是OpenStack Compute(Nova)。
此服务安装在所有群集计算机节点上。
它管理虚拟设备(处理器，内存，块设备，网络适配器)的抽象级别。
Nova提供了对虚拟机实例的管理，该虚拟机可以对虚拟机管理程序进行寻址，并在启动和停止时发出命令。
注意：实例使用的存储空间将位于/var/lib/glance目录下，因为/var使用的任何分区都必须具有一些可用的存储空间才能创建实例。
以下是我的设置摘要
[root@compute-rhel ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert home rhel -wi-ao---- 134.49g root rhel -wi-ao---- 50.00g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 14.50g [root@compute-rhel ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/vda2 rhel lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m [root@compute-rhel ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree rhel 1 3 0 wz--n- <199.00g 4.00m [root@compute-rhel ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 2.3G 48G 5% / devtmpfs 15G 0 15G 0% /dev tmpfs 15G 0 15G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 15G 17M 15G 1% /run tmpfs 15G 0 15G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/vda1 1014M 131M 884M 13% /boot /dev/mapper/rhel-home 135G 33M 135G 1% /home tmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /run/user/0 [root@compute-rhel ~]# free -g total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 28 0 26 0 1 27 Swap: 14 0 14
前提条件
在CentOS 7上安装OpenStack之前，请使用所示命令禁用并停止以下服务。
# systemctl disable NetworkManager --now # systemctl disable firewalld --now # systemctl restart network # systemctl enable network
对于RHEL 7节点：按照控制器的要求注册并订阅必要的Red Hat通道。
在开始之前，请禁用所有存储库。
# subscription-manager repos --disable=*
接下来，启用"在RHEL 7上安装OpenStack"所需的所有必需Repo协议。
# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rh-common-rpms Repository 'rhel-7-server-rh-common-rpms' is enabled for this system. # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-openstack-8-rpms Repository 'rhel-7-server-openstack-8-rpms' is enabled for this system. # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-extras-rpms Repository 'rhel-7-server-extras-rpms' is enabled for this system. # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rpms Repository 'rhel-7-server-rpms' is enabled for this system.
启用以下存储库以使用Packstack在CentOS 7上安装OpenStack。
# yum install -y https://rdoproject.org/repos/rdo-release.rpm
接下来，通过安装以下rpm安装openstack存储库
# yum install -y centos-release-openstack-stein
确保已启用存储库：
# yum-config-manager --enable openstack-stein
启动控制器VM
Controller节点是运行大多数共享OpenStack服务和其他工具的位置。
它为云提供API，调度和其他共享服务。
我已经共享了虚拟机的配置。
由于控制器节点将仅托管重要的openstack服务，因此我们无需为此节点分配过多的资源。
注意：我还将创建一个额外的卷组" cinder-volumes"，以供CINDER服务使用。
因此，请确保在创建控制器节点时，创建一个具有足够空间的其他卷组cinder-volumes，对我来说，我给了100GB，它将用于在启动Instance时用于添加其他卷。
以下是我的设置摘要
[root@controller-rhel ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/vda3 rhel lvm2 a-- <38.52g <7.69g /dev/vdb1 cinder-volumes lvm2 a-- <100.00g <100.00g [root@controller-rhel ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree cinder-volumes 1 0 0 wz--n- <100.00g <100.00g rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- <38.52g <7.69g [root@controller-rhel ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert pool00 rhel twi-aotz-- 30.79g 15.04 11.48 root rhel Vwi-aotz-- 30.79g pool00 15.04 [root@controller-rhel ~]# free -g total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 9 2 4 0 3 7 Swap: 0 0 0
前提条件
前提条件列表与上面对"计算节点"所做的操作相同。
安装Packstack
现在要在CentOS 7上安装OpenStack，我们需要PackStack实用程序，我们可以使用yum进行安装。
# yum install -y openstack-packstack
接下来生成答案文件/root/answers.txt并查看生成的文件
# packstack --gen-answer-file ~/answer-file.txt
现在，我们准备创建和修改我们的答案文件，以在控制器和计算节点上部署openstack服务
创建答案文件并安装Openstack
以下是我为在CentOS 7上安装OpenStack的设置所做的更改。
接下来，在控制器节点上执行packstack实用程序，以使用如下所示的语法在CentOS 7上安装OpenStack。
[root@controller-rhel ~]# packstack --answer-file /root/answers.txt Welcome to the Packstack setup utility The installation log file is available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20160707-225026-DOdBB6/openstack-setup.log Installing: Clean Up [ DONE ] Discovering ip protocol version [ DONE ] Setting up ssh keys [ DONE ] Preparing servers [ DONE ] Pre installing Puppet and discovering hosts' details [ DONE ] Adding pre install manifest entries [ DONE ] Installing time synchronization via NTP [ DONE ] Setting up CACERT [ DONE ] Adding AMQP manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding MariaDB manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Apache manifest entries [ DONE ] Fixing Keystone LDAP config parameters to be undef if empty[ DONE ] Adding Keystone manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Glance Keystone manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Glance manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Cinder Keystone manifest entries [ DONE ] Checking if the Cinder server has a cinder-volumes vg[ DONE ] Adding Cinder manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Nova API manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Nova Keystone manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Nova Cert manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Nova Conductor manifest entries [ DONE ] Creating ssh keys for Nova migration [ DONE ] Gathering ssh host keys for Nova migration [ DONE ] Adding Nova Compute manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Nova Scheduler manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Nova VNC Proxy manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding OpenStack Network-related Nova manifest entries[ DONE ] Adding Nova Common manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Neutron VPNaaS Agent manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Neutron FWaaS Agent manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Neutron LBaaS Agent manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Neutron API manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Neutron Keystone manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Neutron L3 manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Neutron L2 Agent manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Neutron DHCP Agent manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Neutron Metering Agent manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Neutron Metadata Agent manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Neutron SR-IOV Switch Agent manifest entries [ DONE ] Checking if NetworkManager is enabled and running [ DONE ] Adding OpenStack Client manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding Horizon manifest entries [ DONE ] Adding post install manifest entries [ DONE ] Copying Puppet modules and manifests [ DONE ] Applying 192.168.122.13_prescript.pp Applying 192.168.122.12_prescript.pp 192.168.122.13_prescript.pp: [ DONE ] 192.168.122.12_prescript.pp: [ DONE ] Applying 192.168.122.13_chrony.pp Applying 192.168.122.12_chrony.pp 192.168.122.13_chrony.pp: [ DONE ] 192.168.122.12_chrony.pp: [ DONE ] Applying 192.168.122.12_amqp.pp Applying 192.168.122.12_mariadb.pp 192.168.122.12_amqp.pp: [ DONE ] 192.168.122.12_mariadb.pp: [ DONE ] Applying 192.168.122.12_apache.pp 192.168.122.12_apache.pp: [ DONE ] Applying 192.168.122.12_keystone.pp Applying 192.168.122.12_glance.pp Applying 192.168.122.12_cinder.pp 192.168.122.12_keystone.pp: [ DONE ] 192.168.122.12_cinder.pp: [ DONE ] 192.168.122.12_glance.pp: [ DONE ] Applying 192.168.122.12_api_nova.pp 192.168.122.12_api_nova.pp: [ DONE ] Applying 192.168.122.12_nova.pp Applying 192.168.122.13_nova.pp 192.168.122.12_nova.pp: [ DONE ] 192.168.122.13_nova.pp: [ DONE ] Applying 192.168.122.13_neutron.pp Applying 192.168.122.12_neutron.pp 192.168.122.12_neutron.pp: [ DONE ] 192.168.122.13_neutron.pp: [ DONE ] Applying 192.168.122.12_osclient.pp Applying 192.168.122.12_horizon.pp 192.168.122.12_osclient.pp: [ DONE ] 192.168.122.12_horizon.pp: [ DONE ] Applying 192.168.122.13_postscript.pp Applying 192.168.122.12_postscript.pp 192.168.122.12_postscript.pp: [ DONE ] 192.168.122.13_postscript.pp: [ DONE ] Applying Puppet manifests [ DONE ] Finalizing [ DONE ] ** ** Installation completed successfully ** **** Additional information: * File /root/keystonerc_admin has been created on OpenStack client host 192.168.122.12. To use the command line tools you need to source the file. * To access the OpenStack Dashboard browse to http://192.168.122.12/dashboard . Please, find your login credentials stored in the keystonerc_admin in your home directory. * The installation log file is available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20160707-225026-DOdBB6/openstack-setup.log * The generated manifests are available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20160707-225026-DOdBB6/manifests
如果一切顺利，那么我们应该会看到所有的绿色，并且最后我们将获得指向仪表板的链接(突出显示)。
因此，这意味着我们在RHEL/CentOS 7上的openstack安装已完成。
说明：
但是，如果需要更新配置，则可以使用选项-d重新运行PackStack。
检查OpenStack服务状态
安装openstack-utils以检查所有openstack服务的状态
# yum -y install openstack-utils
接下来检查状态
[root@controller-rhel ~]# openstack-status == Nova services == openstack-nova-api: active openstack-nova-cert: active openstack-nova-compute: inactive (disabled on boot) openstack-nova-network: inactive (disabled on boot) openstack-nova-scheduler: active openstack-nova-conductor: active == Glance services == openstack-glance-api: active openstack-glance-registry: active == Keystone service == openstack-keystone: inactive (disabled on boot) == Horizon service == openstack-dashboard: active == neutron services == neutron-server: active neutron-dhcp-agent: active neutron-l3-agent: active neutron-metadata-agent: active neutron-openvswitch-agent: active == Cinder services == openstack-cinder-api: active openstack-cinder-scheduler: active openstack-cinder-volume: active openstack-cinder-backup: inactive (disabled on boot) == Support services == mysqld: unknown libvirtd: active openvswitch: active dbus: active target: active rabbitmq-server: active memcached: active == Keystone users == Warning keystonerc not sourced
源keystonerc文件
现在，一旦在CentOS 7上安装OpenStack，接下来我们就可以获取keystoncerc文件来获取openstack-service状态的更详细列表。
该keystonerc文件将在root用户的主文件夹中可用，如下所示：
[root@controller-rhel ~]# ls -l keystonerc_admin -rw-------. 1 root root 229 Jul 7 22:57 keystonerc_admin [root@controller-rhel ~]# pwd /root [root@controller-rhel ~]# source keystonerc_admin
接下来检查openstack服务的状态
[root@controller-rhel ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack-status == Nova services == openstack-nova-api: active openstack-nova-cert: active openstack-nova-compute: inactive (disabled on boot) openstack-nova-network: inactive (disabled on boot) openstack-nova-scheduler: active openstack-nova-conductor: active == Glance services == openstack-glance-api: active openstack-glance-registry: active == Keystone service == openstack-keystone: inactive (disabled on boot) == Horizon service == openstack-dashboard: active == neutron services == neutron-server: active neutron-dhcp-agent: active neutron-l3-agent: active neutron-metadata-agent: active neutron-openvswitch-agent: active == Cinder services == openstack-cinder-api: active openstack-cinder-scheduler: active openstack-cinder-volume: active openstack-cinder-backup: inactive (disabled on boot) == Support services == mysqld: unknown libvirtd: active openvswitch: active dbus: active target: active rabbitmq-server: active memcached: active == Keystone users == +----------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+ | id | name | enabled | email | +----------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+ | e97f18a9994e4b99bcc0e6fe8db95cd3 | admin | True | root@localhost | | dccbaca5e2ee4866b343573678ec3bf7 | cinder | True | cinder@localhost | | 7dec80c93f8a4aafa1559a59e6bf606c | glance | True | glance@localhost | | 778e4fbefdfa4329bf9b7143ce6ffe74 | neutron | True | neutron@localhost | | e3d85ca8a8bb4ba5a9457712ce5814f5 | nova | True | nova@localhost | +----------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+ == Glance images == +----+------+ | ID | Name | +----+------+ +----+------+ == Nova managed services == +----+------------------+------------------------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+ | Id | Binary | Host | Zone | Status | State | Updated_at | Disabled Reason | +----+------------------+------------------------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+ | 1 | nova-consoleauth | controller-rhel.example| internal | enabled | up | 2016-07-07T18:02:59.000000 | - | | 2 | nova-scheduler | controller-rhel.example| internal | enabled | up | 2016-07-07T18:03:00.000000 | - | | 3 | nova-conductor | controller-rhel.example| internal | enabled | up | 2016-07-07T18:03:01.000000 | - | | 4 | nova-cert | controller-rhel.example| internal | enabled | up | 2016-07-07T18:02:57.000000 | - | | 5 | nova-compute | compute-rhel.example | nova | enabled | up | 2016-07-07T18:03:04.000000 | - | +----+------------------+------------------------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+ == Nova networks == +----+-------+------+ | ID | Label | Cidr | +----+-------+------+ +----+-------+------+ == Nova instance flavors == +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+ | ID | Name | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public | +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+ | 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True | | 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 20 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True | | 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 40 | 0 | | 2 | 1.0 | True | | 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 80 | 0 | | 4 | 1.0 | True | | 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 160 | 0 | | 8 | 1.0 | True | +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+ == Nova instances == +----+------+--------+------------+-------------+----------+ | ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks | +----+------+--------+------------+-------------+----------+ +----+------+--------+------------+-------------+----------+
如我们所见，它为我提供了所有OpenStack服务的详细状态。
访问OpenStack Horizon仪表板
因此，现在我们已经在CentOS/RHEL 7上使用packstack完成了OpenStack的安装，并且我们可以看到我们的服务也已正常运行。
现在，我们终于可以登录到地平线仪表盘了。
